Glottolog is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials (grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists.
 | |
| Producer | Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology (Germany) |
|---|---|
| Languages | English |
| Access | |
| Cost | Free |
| Coverage | |
| Disciplines | Linguistics |
| Links | |
| Website | glottolog |
Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena, Germany. Its main curators include Harald Hammarström and Martin Haspelmath.
Overview
Sebastian Nordhoff and Harald Hammarström established the Glottolog/Langdoc project in 2011. The creation of Glottolog was partly motivated by the lack of a comprehensive language bibliography, especially in Ethnologue.
Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world's languages and language families and a bibliography on individual languages. It differs from Ethnologue in several respects:
- It includes only those languages that the editors have been able to confirm both exist and are distinct. Varieties that have not been confirmed, but are inherited from another source, are tagged as "spurious" or "unattested".
- It attempts only to classify languages into families demonstrated to be valid groupings based on research by linguists specializing in them.
- Comprehensive bibliographic information is provided, especially for lesser-known or underdescribed languages.
- To a limited extent, alternative names are listed according to the sources that use them.
- Apart from a single point-location on a map at its geographic centre, no ethnographic or demographic information is provided.
Language names used in the bibliographic entries are identified by ISO 639-3 code or Glottolog's own code (Glottocode). External links are provided to ISO, Ethnologue and other online language databases
The latest version is 5.0, released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License in 2024.
It is part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data project hosted by the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology.
Language families
Glottolog is more conservative in its classification than other databases in establishing membership of languages and families given its strict criteria for postulating larger groupings. On the other hand, the database is more permissive in terms of considering unclassified languages as isolates. Edition 4.8 lists 421 spoken language families and isolates as follows:
| Name | Region | Languages |
|---|---|---|
| Atlantic-Congo | Africa | 1,410 |
| Austronesian | Africa, Eurasia, Oceania, South America | 1,272 |
| Indo-European | Africa, Australia, Eurasia, North America, Oceania, South America | 585 |
| Sino-Tibetan | Eurasia | 506 |
| Afro-Asiatic | Africa, Eurasia | 382 |
| Nuclear Trans New Guinea | Oceania | 317 |
| Pama-Nyungan | Australia, Oceania | 250 |
| Otomanguean | North America | 181 |
| Austroasiatic | Eurasia | 158 |
| Tai-Kadai | Eurasia | 96 |
| Dravidian | Eurasia | 82 |
| Arawakan | North America, South America | 77 |
| Mande | Africa | 75 |
| Tupian | South America | 70 |
| Uto-Aztecan | North America | 68 |
| Central Sudanic | Africa | 63 |
| Nilotic | Africa | 56 |
| Nuclear Torricelli | Oceania | 55 |
| Uralic | Eurasia | 49 |
| Algic | North America | 47 |
| Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit | North America | 46 |
| Pano-Tacanan | South America | 45 |
| Quechuan | South America | 43 |
| Turkic | Eurasia | 43 |
| Cariban | South America | 42 |
| Hmong-Mien | Eurasia | 42 |
| Kru | Africa | 38 |
| Nakh-Daghestanian | Eurasia | 36 |
| Sepik | Oceania | 36 |
| Mayan | North America | 34 |
| Lower Sepik-Ramu | Oceania | 30 |
| Nuclear-Macro-Je | South America | 29 |
| Chibchan | North America, South America | 27 |
| Tucanoan | South America | 26 |
| Salishan | North America | 25 |
| Timor-Alor-Pantar | Oceania | 23 |
| Dogon | Africa | 20 |
| Lakes Plain | Oceania | 20 |
| Mixe-Zoque | North America | 19 |
| Ta-Ne-Omotic | Africa | 19 |
| Yam | Oceania | 19 |
| Siouan | North America | 18 |
| Anim | Oceania | 17 |
| Japonic | Eurasia, Oceania | 17 |
| Mongolic-Khitan | Eurasia | 17 |
| Border | Oceania | 15 |
| North Halmahera | Oceania | 15 |
| Tungusic | Eurasia | 15 |
| Khoe-Kwadi | Africa | 14 |
| Angan | Oceania | 13 |
| Eskimo-Aleut | Eurasia, North America | 13 |
| Miwok-Costanoan | North America | 13 |
| Ndu | Oceania | 13 |
| Nubian | Africa | 13 |
| Tor-Orya | Oceania | 13 |
| Totonacan | North America | 13 |
| Chapacuran | South America | 12 |
| Gunwinyguan | Australia | 12 |
| Cochimi-Yuman | North America | 11 |
| Iroquoian | North America | 11 |
| Sko | Oceania | 11 |
| Surmic | Africa | 11 |
| Western Daly | Australia | 11 |
| Geelvink Bay | Oceania | 10 |
| Great Andamanese | Eurasia, Oceania | 10 |
| Heibanic | Africa | 10 |
| Ijoid | Africa | 10 |
| Maban | Africa | 10 |
| Nyulnyulan | Australia | 10 |
| Saharan | Africa | 10 |
| Songhay | Africa | 10 |
| South Bougainville | Oceania | 10 |
| Worrorran | Australia | 10 |
| Chocoan | South America | 9 |
| Dagan | Oceania | 9 |
| Tuu | Africa | 9 |
| Greater Kwerba | Oceania | 8 |
| Kiowa-Tanoan | North America | 8 |
| Koiarian | Oceania | 8 |
| Mailuan | Oceania | 8 |
| Narrow Talodi | Africa | 8 |
| Bosavi | Oceania | 7 |
| Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Eurasia | 7 |
| Dajuic | Africa | 7 |
| Huitotoan | South America | 7 |
| Matacoan | South America | 7 |
| Muskogean | North America | 7 |
| Pomoan | North America | 7 |
| Arawan | South America | 6 |
| Baining | Oceania | 6 |
| Barbacoan | South America | 6 |
| Chumashan | North America | 6 |
| East Strickland | Oceania | 6 |
| Kadugli-Krongo | Africa | 6 |
| Kiwaian | Oceania | 6 |
| Left May | Oceania | 6 |
| Lengua-Mascoy | South America | 6 |
| Nambiquaran | South America | 6 |
| South Bird's Head Family | Oceania | 6 |
| Wakashan | North America | 6 |
| Yanomamic | South America | 6 |
| Zaparoan | South America | 6 |
| Abkhaz-Adyge | Eurasia | 5 |
| Arafundi | Oceania | 5 |
| Caddoan | North America | 5 |
| Eleman | Oceania | 5 |
| Guahiboan | South America | 5 |
| Guaicuruan | South America | 5 |
| Kartvelian | Eurasia | 5 |
| Keram | Oceania | 5 |
| Koman | Africa | 5 |
| Kxa | Africa | 5 |
| Mirndi | Australia | 5 |
| Misumalpan | North America | 5 |
| Nimboranic | Oceania | 5 |
| Pauwasi | Oceania | 5 |
| Sahaptian | North America | 5 |
| South Omotic | Africa | 5 |
| West Bird's Head | Oceania | 5 |
| Xincan | North America | 5 |
| Yareban | Oceania | 5 |
| Yeniseian | Eurasia | 5 |
| Yuat | Oceania | 5 |
| Aymaran | South America | 4 |
| Blue Nile Mao | Africa | 4 |
| Chicham | South America | 4 |
| Chinookan | North America | 4 |
| Chonan | South America | 4 |
| Eastern Jebel | Africa | 4 |
| Eastern Trans-Fly | Oceania | 4 |
| Huavean | North America | 4 |
| Iwaidjan Proper | Australia | 4 |
| Kamakanan | South America | 4 |
| Oceania | 4 | |
| Maiduan | North America | 4 |
| Mangarrayi-Maran | Australia | 4 |
| Maningrida | Australia | 4 |
| Naduhup | South America | 4 |
| North Bougainville | Oceania | 4 |
| Sentanic | Oceania | 4 |
| Shastan | North America | 4 |
| Suki-Gogodala | Oceania | 4 |
| Tamaic | Africa | 4 |
| Tangkic | Australia | 4 |
| Turama-Kikori | Oceania | 4 |
| Walioic | Oceania | 4 |
| Yokutsan | North America | 4 |
| Yukaghir | Eurasia | 4 |
| Ainu | Eurasia | 3 |
| Bororoan | South America | 3 |
| Bulaka River | Oceania | 3 |
| Charruan | South America | 3 |
| Dizoid | Africa | 3 |
| East Bird's Head | Oceania | 3 |
| Giimbiyu | Australia | 3 |
| Gumuz | Africa | 3 |
| Jarrakan | Australia | 3 |
| Kalapuyan | North America | 3 |
| Kamula-Elevala | Oceania | 3 |
| Katla-Tima | Africa | 3 |
| Kawesqar | South America | 3 |
| Kayagaric | Oceania | 3 |
| Kolopom | Oceania | 3 |
| Kresh-Aja | Africa | 3 |
| Kuliak | Africa | 3 |
| Kwalean | Oceania | 3 |
| Lepki-Murkim-Kembra | Oceania | 3 |
| Mairasic | Oceania | 3 |
| Peba-Yagua | South America | 3 |
| Saliban | South America | 3 |
| Tequistlatecan | North America | 3 |
| Tsimshian | North America | 3 |
| West Bomberai | Oceania | 3 |
| Western Tasmanian | Australia | 3 |
| Yangmanic | Australia | 3 |
| Zamucoan | South America | 3 |
| Amto-Musan | Oceania | 2 |
| Araucanian | South America | 2 |
| Baibai-Fas | Oceania | 2 |
| Bayono-Awbono | Oceania | 2 |
| Bogia | Oceania | 2 |
| Boran | South America | 2 |
| Bunaban | Australia | 2 |
| Cahuapanan | South America | 2 |
| Chimakuan | North America | 2 |
| Chiquitano | South America | 2 |
| Coosan | North America | 2 |
| Doso-Turumsa | Oceania | 2 |
| East Kutubu | Oceania | 2 |
| Eastern Daly | Australia | 2 |
| Furan | Africa | 2 |
| Garrwan | Australia | 2 |
| Haida | North America | 2 |
| Harakmbut | South America | 2 |
| Hatam-Mansim | Oceania | 2 |
| Hibito-Cholon | South America | 2 |
| Huarpean | South America | 2 |
| Hurro-Urartian | Eurasia | 2 |
| Inanwatan | Oceania | 2 |
| Jarawa-Onge | Eurasia | 2 |
| Jicaquean | North America | 2 |
| Kakua-Nukak | South America | 2 |
| Katukinan | South America | 2 |
| Kaure-Kosare | Oceania | 2 |
| Keresan | North America | 2 |
| Konda-Yahadian | Oceania | 2 |
| Koreanic | Eurasia | 2 |
| Kwomtari-Nai | Oceania | 2 |
| Lencan | North America | 2 |
| Limilngan-Wulna | Australia | 2 |
| Manubaran | Oceania | 2 |
| Marrku-Wurrugu | Australia | 2 |
| Mombum-Koneraw | Oceania | 2 |
| Namla-Tofanma | Oceania | 2 |
| Nivkh | Eurasia | 2 |
| North-Eastern Tasmanian | Australia | 2 |
| Northern Daly | Australia | 2 |
| Nyimang | Africa | 2 |
| Otomaco-Taparita | South America | 2 |
| Pahoturi | Oceania | 2 |
| Palaihnihan | North America | 2 |
| Piawi | Oceania | 2 |
| Puri-Coroado | South America | 2 |
| Rashad | Africa | 2 |
| Senagi | Oceania | 2 |
| Somahai | Oceania | 2 |
| South-Eastern Tasmanian | Australia | 2 |
| Southern Daly | Australia | 2 |
| Tarascan | North America | 2 |
| Taulil-Butam | Oceania | 2 |
| Teberan | Oceania | 2 |
| Temeinic | Africa | 2 |
| Ticuna-Yuri | South America | 2 |
| Uru-Chipaya | South America | 2 |
| Wintuan | North America | 2 |
| Yawa-Saweru | Oceania | 2 |
| Yuki-Wappo | North America | 2 |
| Abinomn | Oceania | 1 |
| Abun | Oceania | 1 |
| Adai | North America | 1 |
| Aewa | South America | 1 |
| Aikanã | South America | 1 |
| Alsea-Yaquina | North America | 1 |
| Andaqui | South America | 1 |
| Andoque | South America | 1 |
| Anem | Oceania | 1 |
| Arutani | South America | 1 |
| Asabano | Oceania | 1 |
| Atacame | South America | 1 |
| Atakapa | North America | 1 |
| Bangime | Africa | 1 |
| Basque | Eurasia | 1 |
| Beothuk | North America | 1 |
| Berta | Africa | 1 |
| Betoi-Jirara | South America | 1 |
| Bilua | Oceania | 1 |
| Bogaya | Oceania | 1 |
| Burmeso | Oceania | 1 |
| Burushaski | Eurasia | 1 |
| Camsá | South America | 1 |
| Candoshi-Shapra | South America | 1 |
| Canichana | South America | 1 |
| Cayubaba | South America | 1 |
| Cayuse | North America | 1 |
| Chimariko | North America | 1 |
| Chitimacha | North America | 1 |
| Chono | South America | 1 |
| Coahuilteco | North America | 1 |
| Cofán | South America | 1 |
| Comecrudan | North America | 1 |
| Cotoname | North America | 1 |
| Cuitlatec | North America | 1 |
| Culli | South America | 1 |
| Damal | Oceania | 1 |
| Dem | Oceania | 1 |
| Dibiyaso | Oceania | 1 |
| Duna | Oceania | 1 |
| Elamite | Eurasia | 1 |
| Elseng | Oceania | 1 |
| Esselen | North America | 1 |
| Etruscan | Eurasia | 1 |
| Fasu | Oceania | 1 |
| Fulniô | South America | 1 |
| Fuyug | Oceania | 1 |
| Gaagudju | Australia | 1 |
| Guachi | South America | 1 |
| Guaicurian | North America | 1 |
| Guamo | South America | 1 |
| Guató | South America | 1 |
| Gule | Africa | 1 |
| Guriaso | Oceania | 1 |
| Hadza | Africa | 1 |
| Hattic | Eurasia | 1 |
| Hoti | South America | 1 |
| Hruso | Eurasia | 1 |
| Iberian | Eurasia | 1 |
| Irántxe-Münkü | South America | 1 |
| Itonama | South America | 1 |
| Jalaa | Africa | 1 |
| Jirajaran | South America | 1 |
| Kaki Ae | Oceania | 1 |
| Kanoê | South America | 1 |
| Kapori | Oceania | 1 |
| Karami | Oceania | 1 |
| Karankawa | North America | 1 |
| Kariri | South America | 1 |
| Karok | North America | 1 |
| Kehu | Oceania | 1 |
| Kenaboi | Eurasia | 1 |
| Kibiri | Oceania | 1 |
| Kimki | Oceania | 1 |
| Klamath-Modoc | North America | 1 |
| Kol (Papua New Guinea) | Oceania | 1 |
| Kujarge | Africa | 1 |
| Kunama | Africa | 1 |
| Kungarakany | Australia | 1 |
| Kunza | South America | 1 |
| Kuot | Oceania | 1 |
| Kusunda | Eurasia | 1 |
| Kutenai | North America | 1 |
| Kwaza | South America | 1 |
| Laal | Africa | 1 |
| Lafofa | Africa | 1 |
| Laragia | Australia | 1 |
| Lavukaleve | Oceania | 1 |
| Leco | South America | 1 |
| Lule | South America | 1 |
| Máku | South America | 1 |
| Maratino | North America | 1 |
| Marori | Oceania | 1 |
| Massep | Oceania | 1 |
| Matanawí | South America | 1 |
| Mato Grosso Arára | South America | 1 |
| Mawes | Oceania | 1 |
| Maybrat-Karon | Oceania | 1 |
| Meroitic | Africa | 1 |
| Mimi-Gaudefroy | Africa | 1 |
| Minkin | Australia | 1 |
| Mochica | South America | 1 |
| Molale | North America | 1 |
| Molof | Oceania | 1 |
| Mor (Bomberai Peninsula) | Oceania | 1 |
| Mosetén-Chimané | South America | 1 |
| Movima | South America | 1 |
| Mpur | Oceania | 1 |
| Muniche | South America | 1 |
| Mure | South America | 1 |
| Nara | Africa | 1 |
| Natchez | North America | 1 |
| Nihali | Eurasia | 1 |
| Odiai | Oceania | 1 |
| Omurano | South America | 1 |
| Ongota | Africa | 1 |
| Oti | South America | 1 |
| Oyster Bay-Big River-Little Swanport | Australia | 1 |
| Páez | South America | 1 |
| Pankararú | South America | 1 |
| Papi | Oceania | 1 |
| Pawaia | Oceania | 1 |
| Payagua | South America | 1 |
| Pele-Ata | Oceania | 1 |
| Pirahã | South America | 1 |
| Puelche | South America | 1 |
| Puinave | South America | 1 |
| Pumé | South America | 1 |
| Puquina | South America | 1 |
| Purari | Oceania | 1 |
| Pyu | Oceania | 1 |
| Ramanos | South America | 1 |
| Salinan | North America | 1 |
| Sandawe | Africa | 1 |
| Sapé | South America | 1 |
| Sause | Oceania | 1 |
| Savosavo | Oceania | 1 |
| Sechuran | South America | 1 |
| Seri | North America | 1 |
| Shabo | Africa | 1 |
| Shom Peng | Eurasia | 1 |
| Siamou | Africa | 1 |
| Siuslaw | North America | 1 |
| Sulka | Oceania | 1 |
| Sumerian | Eurasia | 1 |
| Tabo | Oceania | 1 |
| Taiap | Oceania | 1 |
| Takelma | North America | 1 |
| Tallán | South America | 1 |
| Tambora | Oceania | 1 |
| Tanahmerah | Oceania | 1 |
| Taruma | South America | 1 |
| Tauade | Oceania | 1 |
| Taushiro | South America | 1 |
| Timote-Cuica | South America | 1 |
| Timucua | North America | 1 |
| Tinigua | South America | 1 |
| Tiwi | Australia | 1 |
| Tonkawa | North America | 1 |
| Touo | Oceania | 1 |
| Trumai | South America | 1 |
| Tunica | North America | 1 |
| Tuxá | South America | 1 |
| Umbugarla | Australia | 1 |
| Urarina | South America | 1 |
| Usku | Oceania | 1 |
| Vilela | South America | 1 |
| Wadjiginy | Australia | 1 |
| Wageman | Australia | 1 |
| Waorani | South America | 1 |
| Warao | South America | 1 |
| Washo | North America | 1 |
| Wiru | Oceania | 1 |
| Xukurú | South America | 1 |
| Yale | Oceania | 1 |
| Yámana | South America | 1 |
| Yana | North America | 1 |
| Yele | Oceania | 1 |
| Yerakai | Oceania | 1 |
| Yetfa | Oceania | 1 |
| Yuchi | North America | 1 |
| Yuracaré | South America | 1 |
| Yurumanguí | South America | 1 |
| Zuni | North America | 1 |
Creoles are classified with the language that supplied their basic lexicon.
In addition to the families and isolates listed above, Glottolog uses several non-genealogical families for various languages:
- Pidgins (84 languages)
- Mixed languages (9)
- Artificial languages (31)
- Speech registers (15)
- Sign languages (223)
- Unclassifiable attested languages (121)
- Unattested languages (68)
- Bookkeeping: spurious languages, such as retired ISO entries; kept for bookkeeping purposes (390 including 6 sign languages)
Notes
- See for example the bookkeeping section for ISO languages that Glottolog has deemed to be spurious distinctions.
This discrimination does not apply to dialects, many of which have been inherited from MultiTree or other sources without verification. - Sign languages are listed together, including those grouped typologically as village sign languages, as are pidgins and unclassified languages, but without a claim that they are necessarily related.
- Geographic regions include "Papunesia" (a portmanteau of Papua (New Guinea) and Austronesia), which refers to the islands of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania, excluding Australia. Here it is replaced with 'Oceania'.
References
- Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald (May 2012). "Glottolog/Langdoc:Increasing the visibility of grey literature for low-density languages" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'12). Istanbul: European Language Resources Association (ELRA): 3289–3294.
- "About". Glottolog 4.8. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
- Hammarström, Harald (2015). Kuzmin, E. (ed.). "Glottolog: A Free, Online, Comprehensive Bibliography of the World's Languages". Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace: 183–188.
- "Cross-Linguistic Linked Data". Retrieved 2020-02-22.
- "Glottolog Families". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- "Glottolog: About Languoids". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
- "Pseudo Family: Sign Language". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
- "Glottolog Family: Bookkeeping". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
External links
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Glottolog code (P1394) (see uses)
- Official website
Glottolog is an open access online bibliographic database of the world s languages In addition to listing linguistic materials grammars articles dictionaries describing individual languages the database also contains the most up to date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists GlottologProducerMax Planck Institute of Geoanthropology Germany LanguagesEnglishAccessCostFreeCoverageDisciplinesLinguisticsLinksWebsiteglottolog wbr org Glottolog was first developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany and between 2015 and 2020 at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena Germany Its main curators include Harald Hammarstrom and Martin Haspelmath OverviewSebastian Nordhoff and Harald Hammarstrom established the Glottolog Langdoc project in 2011 The creation of Glottolog was partly motivated by the lack of a comprehensive language bibliography especially in Ethnologue Glottolog provides a catalogue of the world s languages and language families and a bibliography on individual languages It differs from Ethnologue in several respects It includes only those languages that the editors have been able to confirm both exist and are distinct Varieties that have not been confirmed but are inherited from another source are tagged as spurious or unattested It attempts only to classify languages into families demonstrated to be valid groupings based on research by linguists specializing in them Comprehensive bibliographic information is provided especially for lesser known or underdescribed languages To a limited extent alternative names are listed according to the sources that use them Apart from a single point location on a map at its geographic centre no ethnographic or demographic information is provided Language names used in the bibliographic entries are identified by ISO 639 3 code or Glottolog s own code Glottocode External links are provided to ISO Ethnologue and other online language databases The latest version is 5 0 released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4 0 International License in 2024 It is part of the Cross Linguistic Linked Data project hosted by the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology Language familiesGlottolog is more conservative in its classification than other databases in establishing membership of languages and families given its strict criteria for postulating larger groupings On the other hand the database is more permissive in terms of considering unclassified languages as isolates Edition 4 8 lists 421 spoken language families and isolates as follows List of Glottolog genealogical families Name Region LanguagesAtlantic Congo Africa 1 410Austronesian Africa Eurasia Oceania South America 1 272Indo European Africa Australia Eurasia North America Oceania South America 585Sino Tibetan Eurasia 506Afro Asiatic Africa Eurasia 382Nuclear Trans New Guinea Oceania 317Pama Nyungan Australia Oceania 250Otomanguean North America 181Austroasiatic Eurasia 158Tai Kadai Eurasia 96Dravidian Eurasia 82Arawakan North America South America 77Mande Africa 75Tupian South America 70Uto Aztecan North America 68Central Sudanic Africa 63Nilotic Africa 56Nuclear Torricelli Oceania 55Uralic Eurasia 49Algic North America 47Athabaskan Eyak Tlingit North America 46Pano Tacanan South America 45Quechuan South America 43Turkic Eurasia 43Cariban South America 42Hmong Mien Eurasia 42Kru Africa 38Nakh Daghestanian Eurasia 36Sepik Oceania 36Mayan North America 34Lower Sepik Ramu Oceania 30Nuclear Macro Je South America 29Chibchan North America South America 27Tucanoan South America 26Salishan North America 25Timor Alor Pantar Oceania 23Dogon Africa 20Lakes Plain Oceania 20Mixe Zoque North America 19Ta Ne Omotic Africa 19Yam Oceania 19Siouan North America 18Anim Oceania 17Japonic Eurasia Oceania 17Mongolic Khitan Eurasia 17Border Oceania 15North Halmahera Oceania 15Tungusic Eurasia 15Khoe Kwadi Africa 14Angan Oceania 13Eskimo Aleut Eurasia North America 13Miwok Costanoan North America 13Ndu Oceania 13Nubian Africa 13Tor Orya Oceania 13Totonacan North America 13Chapacuran South America 12Gunwinyguan Australia 12Cochimi Yuman North America 11Iroquoian North America 11Sko Oceania 11Surmic Africa 11Western Daly Australia 11Geelvink Bay Oceania 10Great Andamanese Eurasia Oceania 10Heibanic Africa 10Ijoid Africa 10Maban Africa 10Nyulnyulan Australia 10Saharan Africa 10Songhay Africa 10South Bougainville Oceania 10Worrorran Australia 10Chocoan South America 9Dagan Oceania 9Tuu Africa 9Greater Kwerba Oceania 8Kiowa Tanoan North America 8Koiarian Oceania 8Mailuan Oceania 8Narrow Talodi Africa 8Bosavi Oceania 7Chukotko Kamchatkan Eurasia 7Dajuic Africa 7Huitotoan South America 7Matacoan South America 7Muskogean North America 7Pomoan North America 7Arawan South America 6Baining Oceania 6Barbacoan South America 6Chumashan North America 6East Strickland Oceania 6Kadugli Krongo Africa 6Kiwaian Oceania 6Left May Oceania 6Lengua Mascoy South America 6Nambiquaran South America 6South Bird s Head Family Oceania 6Wakashan North America 6Yanomamic South America 6Zaparoan South America 6Abkhaz Adyge Eurasia 5Arafundi Oceania 5Caddoan North America 5Eleman Oceania 5Guahiboan South America 5Guaicuruan South America 5Kartvelian Eurasia 5Keram Oceania 5Koman Africa 5Kxa Africa 5Mirndi Australia 5Misumalpan North America 5Nimboranic Oceania 5Pauwasi Oceania 5Sahaptian North America 5South Omotic Africa 5West Bird s Head Oceania 5Xincan North America 5Yareban Oceania 5Yeniseian Eurasia 5Yuat Oceania 5Aymaran South America 4Blue Nile Mao Africa 4Chicham South America 4Chinookan North America 4Chonan South America 4Eastern Jebel Africa 4Eastern Trans Fly Oceania 4Huavean North America 4Iwaidjan Proper Australia 4Kamakanan South America 4Oceania 4Maiduan North America 4Mangarrayi Maran Australia 4Maningrida Australia 4Naduhup South America 4North Bougainville Oceania 4Sentanic Oceania 4Shastan North America 4Suki Gogodala Oceania 4Tamaic Africa 4Tangkic Australia 4Turama Kikori Oceania 4Walioic Oceania 4Yokutsan North America 4Yukaghir Eurasia 4Ainu Eurasia 3Bororoan South America 3Bulaka River Oceania 3Charruan South America 3Dizoid Africa 3East Bird s Head Oceania 3Giimbiyu Australia 3Gumuz Africa 3Jarrakan Australia 3Kalapuyan North America 3Kamula Elevala Oceania 3Katla Tima Africa 3Kawesqar South America 3Kayagaric Oceania 3Kolopom Oceania 3Kresh Aja Africa 3Kuliak Africa 3Kwalean Oceania 3Lepki Murkim Kembra Oceania 3Mairasic Oceania 3Peba Yagua South America 3Saliban South America 3Tequistlatecan North America 3Tsimshian North America 3West Bomberai Oceania 3Western Tasmanian Australia 3Yangmanic Australia 3Zamucoan South America 3Amto Musan Oceania 2Araucanian South America 2Baibai Fas Oceania 2Bayono Awbono Oceania 2Bogia Oceania 2Boran South America 2Bunaban Australia 2Cahuapanan South America 2Chimakuan North America 2Chiquitano South America 2Coosan North America 2Doso Turumsa Oceania 2East Kutubu Oceania 2Eastern Daly Australia 2Furan Africa 2Garrwan Australia 2Haida North America 2Harakmbut South America 2Hatam Mansim Oceania 2Hibito Cholon South America 2Huarpean South America 2Hurro Urartian Eurasia 2Inanwatan Oceania 2Jarawa Onge Eurasia 2Jicaquean North America 2Kakua Nukak South America 2Katukinan South America 2Kaure Kosare Oceania 2Keresan North America 2Konda Yahadian Oceania 2Koreanic Eurasia 2Kwomtari Nai Oceania 2Lencan North America 2Limilngan Wulna Australia 2Manubaran Oceania 2Marrku Wurrugu Australia 2Mombum Koneraw Oceania 2Namla Tofanma Oceania 2Nivkh Eurasia 2North Eastern Tasmanian Australia 2Northern Daly Australia 2Nyimang Africa 2Otomaco Taparita South America 2Pahoturi Oceania 2Palaihnihan North America 2Piawi Oceania 2Puri Coroado South America 2Rashad Africa 2Senagi Oceania 2Somahai Oceania 2South Eastern Tasmanian Australia 2Southern Daly Australia 2Tarascan North America 2Taulil Butam Oceania 2Teberan Oceania 2Temeinic Africa 2Ticuna Yuri South America 2Uru Chipaya South America 2Wintuan North America 2Yawa Saweru Oceania 2Yuki Wappo North America 2Abinomn Oceania 1Abun Oceania 1Adai North America 1Aewa South America 1Aikana South America 1Alsea Yaquina North America 1Andaqui South America 1Andoque South America 1Anem Oceania 1Arutani South America 1Asabano Oceania 1Atacame South America 1Atakapa North America 1Bangime Africa 1Basque Eurasia 1Beothuk North America 1Berta Africa 1Betoi Jirara South America 1Bilua Oceania 1Bogaya Oceania 1Burmeso Oceania 1Burushaski Eurasia 1Camsa South America 1Candoshi Shapra South America 1Canichana South America 1Cayubaba South America 1Cayuse North America 1Chimariko North America 1Chitimacha North America 1Chono South America 1Coahuilteco North America 1Cofan South America 1Comecrudan North America 1Cotoname North America 1Cuitlatec North America 1Culli South America 1Damal Oceania 1Dem Oceania 1Dibiyaso Oceania 1Duna Oceania 1Elamite Eurasia 1Elseng Oceania 1Esselen North America 1Etruscan Eurasia 1Fasu Oceania 1Fulnio South America 1Fuyug Oceania 1Gaagudju Australia 1Guachi South America 1Guaicurian North America 1Guamo South America 1Guato South America 1Gule Africa 1Guriaso Oceania 1Hadza Africa 1Hattic Eurasia 1Hoti South America 1Hruso Eurasia 1Iberian Eurasia 1Irantxe Munku South America 1Itonama South America 1Jalaa Africa 1Jirajaran South America 1Kaki Ae Oceania 1Kanoe South America 1Kapori Oceania 1Karami Oceania 1Karankawa North America 1Kariri South America 1Karok North America 1Kehu Oceania 1Kenaboi Eurasia 1Kibiri Oceania 1Kimki Oceania 1Klamath Modoc North America 1Kol Papua New Guinea Oceania 1Kujarge Africa 1Kunama Africa 1Kungarakany Australia 1Kunza South America 1Kuot Oceania 1Kusunda Eurasia 1Kutenai North America 1Kwaza South America 1Laal Africa 1Lafofa Africa 1Laragia Australia 1Lavukaleve Oceania 1Leco South America 1Lule South America 1Maku South America 1Maratino North America 1Marori Oceania 1Massep Oceania 1Matanawi South America 1Mato Grosso Arara South America 1Mawes Oceania 1Maybrat Karon Oceania 1Meroitic Africa 1Mimi Gaudefroy Africa 1Minkin Australia 1Mochica South America 1Molale North America 1Molof Oceania 1Mor Bomberai Peninsula Oceania 1Moseten Chimane South America 1Movima South America 1Mpur Oceania 1Muniche South America 1Mure South America 1Nara Africa 1Natchez North America 1Nihali Eurasia 1Odiai Oceania 1Omurano South America 1Ongota Africa 1Oti South America 1Oyster Bay Big River Little Swanport Australia 1Paez South America 1Pankararu South America 1Papi Oceania 1Pawaia Oceania 1Payagua South America 1Pele Ata Oceania 1Piraha South America 1Puelche South America 1Puinave South America 1Pume South America 1Puquina South America 1Purari Oceania 1Pyu Oceania 1Ramanos South America 1Salinan North America 1Sandawe Africa 1Sape South America 1Sause Oceania 1Savosavo Oceania 1Sechuran South America 1Seri North America 1Shabo Africa 1Shom Peng Eurasia 1Siamou Africa 1Siuslaw North America 1Sulka Oceania 1Sumerian Eurasia 1Tabo Oceania 1Taiap Oceania 1Takelma North America 1Tallan South America 1Tambora Oceania 1Tanahmerah Oceania 1Taruma South America 1Tauade Oceania 1Taushiro South America 1Timote Cuica South America 1Timucua North America 1Tinigua South America 1Tiwi Australia 1Tonkawa North America 1Touo Oceania 1Trumai South America 1Tunica North America 1Tuxa South America 1Umbugarla Australia 1Urarina South America 1Usku Oceania 1Vilela South America 1Wadjiginy Australia 1Wageman Australia 1Waorani South America 1Warao South America 1Washo North America 1Wiru Oceania 1Xukuru South America 1Yale Oceania 1Yamana South America 1Yana North America 1Yele Oceania 1Yerakai Oceania 1Yetfa Oceania 1Yuchi North America 1Yuracare South America 1Yurumangui South America 1Zuni North America 1 Creoles are classified with the language that supplied their basic lexicon In addition to the families and isolates listed above Glottolog uses several non genealogical families for various languages Pidgins 84 languages Mixed languages 9 Artificial languages 31 Speech registers 15 Sign languages 223 Unclassifiable attested languages 121 Unattested languages 68 Bookkeeping spurious languages such as retired ISO entries kept for bookkeeping purposes 390 including 6 sign languages NotesSee for example the bookkeeping section for ISO languages that Glottolog has deemed to be spurious distinctions This discrimination does not apply to dialects many of which have been inherited from MultiTree or other sources without verification Sign languages are listed together including those grouped typologically as village sign languages as are pidgins and unclassified languages but without a claim that they are necessarily related Geographic regions include Papunesia a portmanteau of Papua New Guinea and Austronesia which refers to the islands of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania excluding Australia Here it is replaced with Oceania ReferencesNordhoff Sebastian Hammarstrom Harald May 2012 Glottolog Langdoc Increasing the visibility of grey literature for low density languages PDF Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation LREC 12 Istanbul European Language Resources Association ELRA 3289 3294 About Glottolog 4 8 Retrieved 2023 07 10 Hammarstrom Harald 2015 Kuzmin E ed Glottolog A Free Online Comprehensive Bibliography of the World s Languages Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace 183 188 Cross Linguistic Linked Data Retrieved 2020 02 22 Glottolog Families glottolog org Retrieved 2022 12 07 Glottolog About Languoids glottolog org Retrieved 2019 01 27 Pseudo Family Sign Language glottolog org Retrieved 2023 07 10 Glottolog Family Bookkeeping glottolog org Retrieved 2023 07 10 External linksWikidata has the property Glottolog code P1394 see uses Official website
