The voiceless velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ŋ̊⟩, a combination of the letter for the voiced velar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. (For reasons of legibility, the ring is usually placed above the letter, rather than regular ⟨ŋ̥⟩). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N_0.
| Voiceless velar nasal | |
|---|---|
| ŋ̊ | |
| Audio sample | |
| source · help | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | N_0 |
Features
Features of the voiceless velar nasal:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alutiiq | eqeshngarluni | [əqəsŋ̊aχluni] | 'sneeze once' | See Alutiiq language. | |
| Burmese | ငှါး/nga: | [ŋ̊á] | 'borrow' | ||
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik | calisteńguciquq | [tʃaˈlistəˈŋ̊utʃɪquq] | 'he will be a worker' | ||
| Faroese | onkur | [ˈɔŋ̊kʰʊɹ] | 'anybody' | Allophone of /n/ before an aspirated velar. See Faroese phonology | |
| Icelandic | banka | [ˈpäu̯ŋ̊kä] | 'to knock' | See Icelandic phonology | |
| Pa Na | [ma˧˩.ŋ̊ŋ̍˧˩˧] | 'leech' | |||
| Washo | dewŊétiʔ | [dewˈŋ̊etiʔ] | 'hillside sloping down' | ||
| Welsh | fy nghot | [və ŋ̊ɔt] | 'my coat' | Occurs as the nasal mutation of /k/. See Welsh phonology | |
| Xumi | Lower | [ŋ̊ɑ˦mõ˦] | 'camel' | Occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan. | |
See also
- Index of phonetics articles
Notes
- Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
- Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
- Árnason (2011), p. 124.
- Þráinsson et al. (2012), p. ?.
- Árnason (2011), p. 109.
- Chen (2001), p. 72.
- Jacobsen (1964), p. 54.
- Jones (1984), p. 51.
- Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
References
- Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
- Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157[permanent dead link]
- Jacobson, Steven (1995), A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9
- Jones, Glyn E. (1984), "The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh", in Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones (ed.), Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 40–64, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- Þráinsson, Höskuldur; Petersen, Hjalmar P.; Jacobsen, Jógvan í Lon; Hansen, Zakaris Svabo (2012), Faroese – An Overview and Reference Grammar, Tórshavn: Føroya fróðskaparfelag, ISBN 9789991841854
- Chen, Qiguang [陈其光]. 2001. "A Brief Introduction of Bana Language [巴那语概况]". Minzu Yuwen.
- Jacobsen, William Horton (15 August 1964). A grammar of the Washo language (PhD). University of California, Berkeley – via eScholarship.
External links
- List of languages with [ŋ̊] on PHOIBLE
- List of languages with [ŋ̥] on PHOIBLE
The voiceless velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ŋ a combination of the letter for the voiced velar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness For reasons of legibility the ring is usually placed above the letter rather than regular ŋ The equivalent X SAMPA symbol is N 0 Voiceless velar nasalŋ Audio sample source source source source helpEncodingX SAMPAN 0FeaturesFeatures of the voiceless velar nasal Its manner of articulation is occlusive which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract Because the consonant is also nasal the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose Its place of articulation is velar which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue the dorsum at the soft palate Its phonation is voiceless which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords It is a nasal consonant which means air is allowed to escape through the nose either exclusively nasal stops or in addition to through the mouth It is a central consonant which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue rather than to the sides Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles as in most sounds OccurrenceLanguage Word IPA Meaning NotesAlutiiq eqeshngarluni eqesŋ axluni sneeze once See Alutiiq language Burmese င nga ŋ a borrow Central Alaskan Yup ik calistenguciquq tʃaˈlisteˈŋ utʃɪquq he will be a worker Faroese onkur ˈɔŋ kʰʊɹ anybody Allophone of n before an aspirated velar See Faroese phonologyIcelandic banka ˈpau ŋ ka to knock See Icelandic phonologyPa Na ma ŋ ŋ leech Washo dewŊetiʔ dewˈŋ etiʔ hillside sloping down Welsh fy nghot ve ŋ ɔt my coat Occurs as the nasal mutation of k See Welsh phonologyXumi Lower ŋ ɑ mo camel Occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan See alsoIndex of phonetics articlesNotesLadefoged amp Maddieson 1996 p 111 Jacobson 1995 p 3 Arnason 2011 p 124 THrainsson et al 2012 p Arnason 2011 p 109 Chen 2001 p 72 sfnp error no target CITEREFChen2001 help Jacobsen 1964 p 54 Jones 1984 p 51 Chirkova amp Chen 2013 pp 365 367 ReferencesArnason Kristjan 2011 The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 922931 4 Chirkova Katia Chen Yiya 2013 Xumi Part 1 Lower Xumi the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River PDF Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 3 363 379 doi 10 1017 S0025100313000157 permanent dead link Jacobson Steven 1995 A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup ik Eskimo Language Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center ISBN 978 1 55500 050 9 Jones Glyn E 1984 The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh in Martin J Ball and Glyn E Jones ed Welsh Phonology Selected Readings Cardiff University of Wales Press pp 40 64 ISBN 0 7083 0861 9 Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell ISBN 0 631 19815 6 THrainsson Hoskuldur Petersen Hjalmar P Jacobsen Jogvan i Lon Hansen Zakaris Svabo 2012 Faroese An Overview and Reference Grammar Torshavn Foroya frodskaparfelag ISBN 9789991841854 Chen Qiguang 陈其光 2001 A Brief Introduction of Bana Language 巴那语概况 Minzu Yuwen Jacobsen William Horton 15 August 1964 A grammar of the Washo language PhD University of California Berkeley via eScholarship External linksList of languages with ŋ on PHOIBLE List of languages with ŋ on PHOIBLE
