Najran (Arabic: نجران Najrān), is a city in southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is the capital of Najran Province. Designated as a new town, Najran is one of the fastest-growing cities in the kingdom. Its population grew from 47,500 in 1974 to 90,983 in 1992, 246,880 in 2004, and 381,431 in 2021. The city's population mostly originates from the ancient tribes of Hamdan (Wailh & Yam).
Najran | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Najran Fort | |
  Najran Location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | |
| Coordinates: 17°29′30″N 44°7′56″E / 17.49167°N 44.13222°E | |
| Country |  Saudi Arabia |
| Region | Najran |
| Established | 2000 BC |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Faris al-Shafaq |
| • Provincial Governor | Jiluwi bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |
| Elevation | 1,293 m (4,242 ft) |
| Population (2024 census) | |
• City | 442,000 |
| • Metro | 421,902 (Najran Governorate) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 |
| Area code | (+966) 17 |
| Website | www |
Najranis are Muslims, with Ismailis forming a plurality. Hanbali, Shafi'i, and Maliki Sunnis form the second-largest religious group in the city.
The Arabic term Najrān meaning: As Local tradition claims that the land derived its name from the first man to settle in the area, Najran ibn Yahjub ibn Yarub ibn Qahtan ibn houd.
Najran was a centre of cloth-making, and the kiswah, or the cloth of the Ka'aba, was originally made there. Najran were always a center for religious beliefs, following the three main religions consecutively. Firstly, A Jewish community then later on A Christian community existed in Najran. According to tradition, the Jews of Najran traced their origin to the Ten Tribes. Najran was also an important stopping hub on the incense trade route.
History
Early history
The history of Najrān can be traced back to 4,000 years ago. It was once occupied by the Romans; in fact, it was the first Saudi city to fall to the Romans on their way to the kingdom of Saudi'. Najrān's most prosperous trading time was during the 1st and 2nd centuries BC. In ancient times it was known as Al-Ukhdūd.[citation needed]
Similar to other ancient place names in Arabia, Najrān may have originally been the name of the whole oasis, including all towns and villages. The old name of the ruins now known as "al-Ukhdūd", which may have been the central town, probably corresponds to Ramat.
According to Greek and Roman sources, Najrān was a focal point of the Incense Route. All routes that left ancient Yemen to the north or west had to meet at Najrān, where the routes branched into two general directions: ones leading north through the Ḥijāz towards Egypt and the Levant, and those leading to the northeast towards Gerrha near the Persian Gulf.
The Roman prefect of Egypt Aelius Gallus led a costly, arduous, and ultimately unsuccessful expedition to conquer Arabia Felix, and won a battle near Najrān in 25 BC. He occupied the city and used it as a base from which to attack the Sabaean capital at Ma'rib. This is according to Strabo, who called it 'Negrana'.
When the Ḥimyarites conquered the Sabeans in AD 280, they probably also took control of Najrān. Sometime during the 3rd century, the people of Najrān sided with the Abyssinians, who sent a governor named Sqlmqlm in inscriptions. The Ḥimyar King Ilsharah Yahdib crushed this rebellion.[citation needed]
The north Arabian Lakhmid king Imru’ al-Qays ibn 'Amqu attacked Najrān in AD 328. Under the influence of Axum, the Christians in Najrān thrived and started an alliance with Aksum again at the beginning of the 6th century.[citation needed]
The town of Najrān was already an important centre of arms manufacture during the lifetime of Muhammad. However, it was more famous for leather rather than iron.[citation needed]
Early Christian community
Christianity was likely introduced into Najrān, as in the rest of South Arabia, in the 5th century AD or perhaps a century earlier. According to the Arab Muslim historian Ibn Isḥāq, Najrān was the first place where Christianity took root in South Arabia.[citation needed] According to contemporary sources, after seizing the throne of the Ḥimyarites in ca. 518 or 523, Dhū Nuwās, a Jewish king, attacked the mainly Christian Aksumite garrison at Zafar, capturing it and burning its churches. He then moved against Najrān, a Christian and Aksumite stronghold. After accepting the city's capitulation, he massacred those inhabitants who would not renounce Christianity. Estimates of the death toll from this event range up to 20,000 in some sources.[citation needed] A surviving letter (where he is called Dimnon) written by Simeon, the bishop of in 524 AD, recounts Dhū Nuwās's persecution in Najrān (modern al-Ukhdūd in Saudi Arabia). The massacre is also recounted in a celebratory manner in an inscription (Ja 1028) commissioned by one of the army commanders of Dhu Nuwas.
According to the Siyar of ash-Shaybani, the Christians of Najrān made an agreement to pay Muhammad an annual tribute of 2,000 pieces of clothing, in return for which they were promised protection. The agreement was renewed under the caliphs Abū Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. In 641, however, the Christians of Najrān were accused of usury and ordered to leave the city. Under the reign of the Caliph ‘Umar, the Christian community of Najrān was deported to Mesopotamia, where they settled near Kufa in a place they called Najānīya. In the following period, Najrān lost its importance. According to the report of Ibn al-Mujavir, however, Jews and Christians still made up two thirds of the population of Najran in the 13th century.[citation needed]
Former Jewish community
Najrān had a Jewish community dating back to pre-Islamic times, historically affiliated with the Banu al-Harith, who were Yemenite Jews that had conquered the city and ruled until the Christian invasion of Yemen. With the Saudi conquest of Najrān in 1934, persecution increased, and some 200 Jews of Najrān fled south to Aden between September and October 1949. The Saudi king ibn Saud demanded their return, but the Yemeni king Aḥmad bin Yaḥyá refused because these refugees were Yemenite Jews. After settling in the Ḥashid Camp (also called Mahane Geula) they were airlifted to Israel as part of the larger Operation Magic Carpet.
Some groups of Najrān Jews escaped to Cochin, as they had a very good relationship with its rulers and maintained trade connections with Paradesi Jews.
Issues with the Ismaili community
The Ismailis, a religious and ethnic minority with historic roots in Najrān Province of southwestern Saudi Arabia, face increasing threats to their identity as a result of official discrimination. Official discrimination in Saudi Arabia against Ismāʻīlīs encompasses government employment, religious practices, and the justice system. Government officials exclude Ismāʻīlīs from decision making and publicly disparage their faith.
With the arrival of Mishʻal bin Suʻūd as the governor of Najrān in 1996, tensions between local authorities and the Ismaʻili population increased, culminating in a watershed confrontation between armed Ismaʻili demonstrators and police and army units outside Najrān's Holiday Inn hotel on April 23, 2000. Three months earlier, police had closed all Tayyibi Ismaʻili mosques on a religious holiday. On April 23, after security forces and religious morality police arrested an Ismāʻīlī cleric, a large demonstration took place outside the Holiday Inn, where Governor Mishʻal resided. After the governor refused for hours to meet the petitioners, an exchange of fire between security forces and armed demonstrators left two Ismāʻīlīs dead and, according to some government accounts, killed one policeman as well.[citation needed] Believing their religious identity to be under attack, Ismāʻili men erected defences around , the seat of the Ismaʻili religious leader Da'i al-Mutlaq. Khushaywah, which includes the Manṣūrah Mosque complex, was also the spiritual capital of Sulaymani Ismaʻilis, a community with followers in India and Pakistan as well as Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The army surrounded the Ismaʻili positions and placed the city under its control. The standoff ended later the same day without further bloodshed.
Archaeology
Najrān city is famous for its archeological significance. Old Najrān was surrounded by a circular wall,[when?] 220 by 230 meters, built of square stone with defensive balconies. It contained several unique buildings. There is also a cemetery[when?] south of the external wall. Excavations of this site have uncovered glass, metals, pottery, and bronze artifacts. Square and rectangular buildings have also been found. At Al-Ukhdūd which is south of Najrān city, carvings from those days[when?] and human bones can be seen. A museum displays, among other items, a bronze lion head.[when?] Najrān's landmarks include the "Rass" stone,[when?] a 2-meter-high granite stone.[clarification needed]
Geography
Topography
Najran has three different geographic landscapes: oases, mountains, and the desert (on its eastern side).[citation needed]
Climate
Najran has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh), typical of the Arabian Peninsula. Rainfall is very sporadic, and consists of light individual rainfall.[citation needed] Despite its location in far southern Saudi Arabia, Najran's average temperature is approximately 3.3 °C or 5.9 °F cooler than that of the Saudi capital Riyadh, due to it being 700 metres or 2,300 feet higher in altitude.
| Climate data for Najran Domestic Airport (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.0 (96.8) | 38.4 (101.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 40.0 (104.0) | 42.0 (107.6) | 43.0 (109.4) | 44.0 (111.2) | 43.0 (109.4) | 42.0 (107.6) | 38.0 (100.4) | 35.0 (95.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 44.0 (111.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 29.2 (84.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 37.5 (99.5) | 39.4 (102.9) | 39.8 (103.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 37.3 (99.1) | 32.6 (90.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 33.6 (92.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.0 (86.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 33.2 (91.8) | 32.6 (90.7) | 29.7 (85.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 25.9 (78.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 15.9 (60.6) | 12.7 (54.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 17.5 (63.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 4.0 (39.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.0 (59.0) | 7.8 (46.0) | 3.5 (38.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | 1.0 (33.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.9 (0.11) | 0.9 (0.04) | 15.0 (0.59) | 20.1 (0.79) | 10.5 (0.41) | 3.0 (0.12) | 3.7 (0.15) | 10.7 (0.42) | 0.1 (0.00) | 4.7 (0.19) | 1.7 (0.07) | 0.5 (0.02) | 74.1 (2.92) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 9.5 |
| Source: NOAA | |||||||||||||
Education
Colleges and universities
Najran is home to Najran University and Najran College of Technology.
Sports
Local football clubs
- Al-Okdod Club (Arabic: نادي الأخدود) founded in 1976
- Sharora Club (Arabic: نادي شرورة) founded in 1975
- Najran SC (Arabic: نادي نجران) founded in 1980
Sports centers
There are many sports centers and complexes within the city including:
- Khldiat Al-Janob Sport Center (Arabic: مركز الخالدية الرياضي )
- Prince Mishal Sport Center (Arabic: مركز الأمير مشعل )
- Najran Bowling Alley
Hospitals and medical care
- King Khalid Hospital
- Najran General Hospital
- Maternity & Children's Hospital Najran
- Najran Armed Forces Hospital
- General Psychiatric Hospital
- Al Zafer Hospital
- Al Hayah Hospital
- Al Qadi Specialty Hospital
- Al Shefa Medical Hospital
- International Medical Complex
- Al Masa dental center
See also
- List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
Further reading
- Irfan Shahîd, The Martyrs of Najrân. New Documents, Brussels (1971).
- Irfan Shahîd, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century, Dumbarton Oaks (1989), ISBN 0-88402-152-1.
- Hugh Goddard, A History of Christian-Muslim Relations, Edinburgh University Press (2000), ISBN 0-7486-1009-X.
- Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, Medieval Islamic Civilization, Taylor & Francis (2006), ISBN 0-415-96692-2.
- Mark A. Caudill, Twilight in the Kingdom, Greenwood Publishing Group (2006), ISBN 0-275-99252-7.
- Andre Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Michael Lapidge, Adrian Walford, Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Routledge (2001), ISBN 1-57958-282-6.
- Joel Thomas Walker, The Legend of Mar Qardagh, University of California Press (2006), ISBN 0-520-24578-4.
- J. Sarmiento, Los Mártires no olvidados de Arabia: San Aretas y sus compañeros (Spanish version): Editorial S.A. (2023).
References
- "Najran Governorate". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
- Description in A. F. L. Beeston "Some Observations on Greek and Latin Data Relating to South Arabia" in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 42, No. 1 (1979), pp. 7–12; online at JSTOR
- Strabo, Book XVI, Chapter 4, 22–24 The Geography of Strabo, published in Vol. VII of the Loeb Classical Library edition, 1932; online at Lacus Curtius
- "Historians back BBC over Jewish massacre claim | The Jewish Chronicle". Archived from the original on 2009-09-28.
- Simon's letter is part of Part III of The Chronicle of Zuqnin, translated by Amir Harrack (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1999), pp. 78-84.
- Lindstedt, Ilkka (2023). Muhammad and his followers in context: the religious map of late antique Arabia. Islamic history and civilization. Leiden Boston: Brill. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-90-04-68712-7.
- Majid Khadduri: The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybānī's Siyar. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press 1966. S. 278–280
- Leone Caetani: Annali dell' Islam. Bd. IV. Milano 1911. S. 354–359
- Hitti, Phillip. History of the Arabs from the Earliest Time to the Present. New York: Macmillan, 1951. p. 61
- Gilbert, Martin, "In Ishmael's House", 2000, (p. 5)
- Gilbert, Martin, "In Ishmael's House", 2000, (p. 271)
- "The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras « Madras Musings | We Care for Madras that is Chennai". 9 February 2018.
- "The Ismāʻīlīs of Najrān. Second-class Saudi citizens" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- "The Ismailis of Najran. Second-class Saudi citizens" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- "Najran". nabataea.net.
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Najran". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- This text is adapted from William Muir's public domain, The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall.
External links
- Travel through the province of Najran, Splendid Arabia: A travel site with photos and routes
Najran Arabic نجران Najran is a city in southwestern Saudi Arabia It is the capital of Najran Province Designated as a new town Najran is one of the fastest growing cities in the kingdom Its population grew from 47 500 in 1974 to 90 983 in 1992 246 880 in 2004 and 381 431 in 2021 The city s population mostly originates from the ancient tribes of Hamdan Wailh amp Yam NajranCityNajran FortNajranLocation in the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCoordinates 17 29 30 N 44 7 56 E 17 49167 N 44 13222 E 17 49167 44 13222CountrySaudi ArabiaRegionNajranEstablished2000 BCGovernment MayorFaris al Shafaq Provincial GovernorJiluwi bin Abdulaziz Al SaudElevation1 293 m 4 242 ft Population 2024 census City442 000 Metro421 902 Najran Governorate Time zoneUTC 3 Summer DST UTC 3Area code 966 17Websitewww wbr najran wbr gov wbr sa Najranis are Muslims with Ismailis forming a plurality Hanbali Shafi i and Maliki Sunnis form the second largest religious group in the city The Arabic term Najran meaning As Local tradition claims that the land derived its name from the first man to settle in the area Najran ibn Yahjub ibn Yarub ibn Qahtan ibn houd Najran was a centre of cloth making and the kiswah or the cloth of the Ka aba was originally made there Najran were always a center for religious beliefs following the three main religions consecutively Firstly A Jewish community then later on A Christian community existed in Najran According to tradition the Jews of Najran traced their origin to the Ten Tribes Najran was also an important stopping hub on the incense trade route HistoryNajran Museum entranceEarly history The history of Najran can be traced back to 4 000 years ago It was once occupied by the Romans in fact it was the first Saudi city to fall to the Romans on their way to the kingdom of Saudi Najran s most prosperous trading time was during the 1st and 2nd centuries BC In ancient times it was known as Al Ukhdud citation needed Similar to other ancient place names in Arabia Najran may have originally been the name of the whole oasis including all towns and villages The old name of the ruins now known as al Ukhdud which may have been the central town probably corresponds to Ramat According to Greek and Roman sources Najran was a focal point of the Incense Route All routes that left ancient Yemen to the north or west had to meet at Najran where the routes branched into two general directions ones leading north through the Ḥijaz towards Egypt and the Levant and those leading to the northeast towards Gerrha near the Persian Gulf The Roman prefect of Egypt Aelius Gallus led a costly arduous and ultimately unsuccessful expedition to conquer Arabia Felix and won a battle near Najran in 25 BC He occupied the city and used it as a base from which to attack the Sabaean capital at Ma rib This is according to Strabo who called it Negrana When the Ḥimyarites conquered the Sabeans in AD 280 they probably also took control of Najran Sometime during the 3rd century the people of Najran sided with the Abyssinians who sent a governor named Sqlmqlm in inscriptions The Ḥimyar King Ilsharah Yahdib crushed this rebellion citation needed The north Arabian Lakhmid king Imru al Qays ibn Amqu attacked Najran in AD 328 Under the influence of Axum the Christians in Najran thrived and started an alliance with Aksum again at the beginning of the 6th century citation needed The town of Najran was already an important centre of arms manufacture during the lifetime of Muhammad However it was more famous for leather rather than iron citation needed Early Christian community Christianity was likely introduced into Najran as in the rest of South Arabia in the 5th century AD or perhaps a century earlier According to the Arab Muslim historian Ibn Isḥaq Najran was the first place where Christianity took root in South Arabia citation needed According to contemporary sources after seizing the throne of the Ḥimyarites in ca 518 or 523 Dhu Nuwas a Jewish king attacked the mainly Christian Aksumite garrison at Zafar capturing it and burning its churches He then moved against Najran a Christian and Aksumite stronghold After accepting the city s capitulation he massacred those inhabitants who would not renounce Christianity Estimates of the death toll from this event range up to 20 000 in some sources citation needed A surviving letter where he is called Dimnon written by Simeon the bishop of in 524 AD recounts Dhu Nuwas s persecution in Najran modern al Ukhdud in Saudi Arabia The massacre is also recounted in a celebratory manner in an inscription Ja 1028 commissioned by one of the army commanders of Dhu Nuwas According to the Siyar of ash Shaybani the Christians of Najran made an agreement to pay Muhammad an annual tribute of 2 000 pieces of clothing in return for which they were promised protection The agreement was renewed under the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al Khattab In 641 however the Christians of Najran were accused of usury and ordered to leave the city Under the reign of the Caliph Umar the Christian community of Najran was deported to Mesopotamia where they settled near Kufa in a place they called Najaniya In the following period Najran lost its importance According to the report of Ibn al Mujavir however Jews and Christians still made up two thirds of the population of Najran in the 13th century citation needed Former Jewish community Rabbi Salomon Halevi Last Rabbi of Madras Synagogue and his wife Rebecca Cohen Najran Jew Paradesi Jews of Madras Najran had a Jewish community dating back to pre Islamic times historically affiliated with the Banu al Harith who were Yemenite Jews that had conquered the city and ruled until the Christian invasion of Yemen With the Saudi conquest of Najran in 1934 persecution increased and some 200 Jews of Najran fled south to Aden between September and October 1949 The Saudi king ibn Saud demanded their return but the Yemeni king Aḥmad bin Yaḥya refused because these refugees were Yemenite Jews After settling in the Ḥashid Camp also called Mahane Geula they were airlifted to Israel as part of the larger Operation Magic Carpet Some groups of Najran Jews escaped to Cochin as they had a very good relationship with its rulers and maintained trade connections with Paradesi Jews Issues with the Ismaili community The Ismailis a religious and ethnic minority with historic roots in Najran Province of southwestern Saudi Arabia face increasing threats to their identity as a result of official discrimination Official discrimination in Saudi Arabia against Ismaʻilis encompasses government employment religious practices and the justice system Government officials exclude Ismaʻilis from decision making and publicly disparage their faith With the arrival of Mishʻal bin Suʻud as the governor of Najran in 1996 tensions between local authorities and the Ismaʻili population increased culminating in a watershed confrontation between armed Ismaʻili demonstrators and police and army units outside Najran s Holiday Inn hotel on April 23 2000 Three months earlier police had closed all Tayyibi Ismaʻili mosques on a religious holiday On April 23 after security forces and religious morality police arrested an Ismaʻili cleric a large demonstration took place outside the Holiday Inn where Governor Mishʻal resided After the governor refused for hours to meet the petitioners an exchange of fire between security forces and armed demonstrators left two Ismaʻilis dead and according to some government accounts killed one policeman as well citation needed Believing their religious identity to be under attack Ismaʻili men erected defences around the seat of the Ismaʻili religious leader Da i al Mutlaq Khushaywah which includes the Manṣurah Mosque complex was also the spiritual capital of Sulaymani Ismaʻilis a community with followers in India and Pakistan as well as Saudi Arabia and Yemen The army surrounded the Ismaʻili positions and placed the city under its control The standoff ended later the same day without further bloodshed ArchaeologyTraditional house in Najran Najran city is famous for its archeological significance Old Najran was surrounded by a circular wall when 220 by 230 meters built of square stone with defensive balconies It contained several unique buildings There is also a cemetery when south of the external wall Excavations of this site have uncovered glass metals pottery and bronze artifacts Square and rectangular buildings have also been found At Al Ukhdud which is south of Najran city carvings from those days when and human bones can be seen A museum displays among other items a bronze lion head when Najran s landmarks include the Rass stone when a 2 meter high granite stone clarification needed GeographyTopography Najran has three different geographic landscapes oases mountains and the desert on its eastern side citation needed Climate Najran has a hot desert climate Koppen BWh typical of the Arabian Peninsula Rainfall is very sporadic and consists of light individual rainfall citation needed Despite its location in far southern Saudi Arabia Najran s average temperature is approximately 3 3 C or 5 9 F cooler than that of the Saudi capital Riyadh due to it being 700 metres or 2 300 feet higher in altitude Climate data for Najran Domestic Airport 1991 2020 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 36 0 96 8 38 4 101 1 39 4 102 9 40 0 104 0 42 0 107 6 43 0 109 4 44 0 111 2 43 0 109 4 42 0 107 6 38 0 100 4 35 0 95 0 36 0 96 8 44 0 111 2 Mean daily maximum C F 26 2 79 2 29 2 84 6 32 0 89 6 34 6 94 3 37 5 99 5 39 4 102 9 39 8 103 6 39 6 103 3 37 3 99 1 32 6 90 7 28 7 83 7 26 4 79 5 33 6 92 5 Daily mean C F 17 7 63 9 20 7 69 3 24 0 75 2 27 0 80 6 30 0 86 0 31 9 89 4 33 2 91 8 32 6 90 7 29 7 85 5 24 7 76 5 20 9 69 6 18 0 64 4 25 9 78 6 Mean daily minimum C F 9 2 48 6 12 0 53 6 15 8 60 4 19 0 66 2 21 7 71 1 23 1 73 6 25 7 78 3 24 8 76 6 21 0 69 8 15 9 60 6 12 7 54 9 9 7 49 5 17 5 63 5 Record low C F 1 0 33 8 3 0 37 4 4 0 39 2 11 0 51 8 14 5 58 1 16 2 61 2 17 0 62 6 17 0 62 6 15 0 59 0 7 8 46 0 3 5 38 3 1 4 34 5 1 0 33 8 Average precipitation mm inches 2 9 0 11 0 9 0 04 15 0 0 59 20 1 0 79 10 5 0 41 3 0 0 12 3 7 0 15 10 7 0 42 0 1 0 00 4 7 0 19 1 7 0 07 0 5 0 02 74 1 2 92 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 0 5 0 3 1 4 2 9 1 2 0 2 0 8 1 2 0 1 0 5 0 3 0 1 9 5Source NOAAEducationColleges and universities Najran is home to Najran University and Najran College of Technology SportsLocal football clubs Al Okdod Club Arabic نادي الأخدود founded in 1976 Sharora Club Arabic نادي شرورة founded in 1975 Najran SC Arabic نادي نجران founded in 1980Sports centers There are many sports centers and complexes within the city including Khldiat Al Janob Sport Center Arabic مركز الخالدية الرياضي Prince Mishal Sport Center Arabic مركز الأمير مشعل Najran Bowling AlleyHospitals and medical careKing Khalid Hospital Najran General Hospital Maternity amp Children s Hospital Najran Najran Armed Forces Hospital General Psychiatric Hospital Al Zafer Hospital Al Hayah Hospital Al Qadi Specialty Hospital Al Shefa Medical Hospital International Medical Complex Al Masa dental centerSee alsoSaudi Arabia portalList of cities and towns in Saudi ArabiaFurther readingIrfan Shahid The Martyrs of Najran New Documents Brussels 1971 Irfan Shahid Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century Dumbarton Oaks 1989 ISBN 0 88402 152 1 Hugh Goddard A History of Christian Muslim Relations Edinburgh University Press 2000 ISBN 0 7486 1009 X Josef W Meri Jere L Bacharach Medieval Islamic Civilization Taylor amp Francis 2006 ISBN 0 415 96692 2 Mark A Caudill Twilight in the Kingdom Greenwood Publishing Group 2006 ISBN 0 275 99252 7 Andre Vauchez Richard Barrie Dobson Michael Lapidge Adrian Walford Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages Routledge 2001 ISBN 1 57958 282 6 Joel Thomas Walker The Legend of Mar Qardagh University of California Press 2006 ISBN 0 520 24578 4 J Sarmiento Los Martires no olvidados de Arabia San Aretas y sus companeros Spanish version Editorial S A 2023 References Najran Governorate www citypopulation de Retrieved 2024 02 03 Description in A F L Beeston Some Observations on Greek and Latin Data Relating to South Arabia in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Vol 42 No 1 1979 pp 7 12 online at JSTOR Strabo Book XVI Chapter 4 22 24 The Geography of Strabo published in Vol VII of the Loeb Classical Library edition 1932 online at Lacus Curtius Historians back BBC over Jewish massacre claim The Jewish Chronicle Archived from the original on 2009 09 28 Simon s letter is part of Part III of The Chronicle of Zuqnin translated by Amir Harrack Toronto Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies 1999 pp 78 84 Lindstedt Ilkka 2023 Muhammad and his followers in context the religious map of late antique Arabia Islamic history and civilization Leiden Boston Brill pp 74 75 ISBN 978 90 04 68712 7 Majid Khadduri The Islamic Law of Nations Shaybani s Siyar Baltimore The Johns Hopkins Press 1966 S 278 280 Leone Caetani Annali dell Islam Bd IV Milano 1911 S 354 359 Hitti Phillip History of the Arabs from the Earliest Time to the Present New York Macmillan 1951 p 61 Gilbert Martin In Ishmael s House 2000 p 5 Gilbert Martin In Ishmael s House 2000 p 271 The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras Madras Musings We Care for Madras that is Chennai 9 February 2018 The Ismaʻilis of Najran Second class Saudi citizens PDF Human Rights Watch 2008 Retrieved April 16 2012 The Ismailis of Najran Second class Saudi citizens PDF Human Rights Watch 2008 Retrieved April 16 2012 Najran nabataea net World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991 2020 Najran National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved February 6 2024 This text is adapted from William Muir s public domain The Caliphate Its Rise Decline and Fall External linksTravel through the province of Najran Splendid Arabia A travel site with photos and routes 17 29 30 N 44 7 56 E 17 49167 N 44 13222 E 17 49167 44 13222
