Mexico
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A Mexican State (Spanish: Estado), officially the Free and Sovereign State (Spanish: Estado libre y soberano), is a constituent federative entity of Mexico according to the Constitution of Mexico. Currently there are 31 states, each with its own constitution, government, state governor, and state congress. In the hierarchy of Mexican administrative divisions, states are further divided into municipalities. Currently there are 2,462 municipalities in Mexico.
Although not formally a state, Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México), the capital city of United Mexican States and formerly designed as the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal), has been made a separate federative entity that has autonomy on par with the states since a constitutional amendment in 2016. Mexico City is divided into 16 boroughs (Spanish: demarcaciones territoriales), similar to other states' municipalities but with different administrative powers.
The current Mexican governmental publications usually lists 32 federative entity (31 states and Mexico City), and 2,478 municipalities (includes the 16 boroughs of Mexico City).
List of federative entities
Mexico City, though not formally a state, is added for comparison.
| Coat of arms and name | Cities | Area | Population (2023) | Munici- palities | Admission to Federation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Largest | km2 | sq mi | Order | Date | ||||
 | Aguascalientes | Aguascalientes | 5,615.7 | 2,168.2 | 1,465,000 | 11 | 24 | 5 Feb 1857 | |
 | Baja California | Mexicali | Tijuana | 71,450.0 | 27,587.0 | 3,822,000 | 7 | 29 | 16 Jan 1952 |
 | Baja California Sur | La Paz | 73,909.4 | 28,536.6 | 759,000 | 5 | 31 | 8 Oct 1974 | |
 | Campeche | San Francisco de Campeche | 57,484.9 | 22,195.0 | 965,000 | 13 | 25 | 29 Apr 1863 | |
 | Chiapas | Tuxtla Gutiérrez | 73,311.0 | 28,305.5 | 5,602,000 | 124 | 19 | 14 Sep 1824 | |
 | Chihuahua | Chihuahua | Ciudad Juárez | 247,412.6 | 95,526.5 | 3,806,000 | 67 | 18 | 6 Jul 1824 |
 | Coahuila de Zaragoza | Saltillo | 151,594.8 | 58,531.1 | 3,189,000 | 38 | 16 | 7 May 1824 | |
 | Colima | Colima | Manzanillo | 5,626.9 | 2,172.6 | 830,000 | 10 | 22 | 12 Sep 1856 |
 | Durango | Victoria de Durango | 123,364.0 | 47,631.1 | 1,846,000 | 39 | 17 | 22 May 1824 | |
 | Guanajuato | Guanajuato | León de los Aldama | 30,606.7 | 11,817.3 | 6,205,000 | 46 | 2 | 20 Dec 1823 |
 | Guerrero | Chilpancingo de los Bravo | Acapulco de Juárez | 63,595.9 | 24,554.5 | 3,556,000 | 85 | 21 | 27 Oct 1849 |
 | Hidalgo | Pachuca de Soto | 20,821.4 | 8,039.2 | 3,115,000 | 84 | 26 | 16 Jan 1869 | |
 | Jalisco | Guadalajara | Zapopan | 78,595.9 | 30,346.0 | 8,400,000 | 125 | 9 | 23 Dec 1823 |
 | México | Toluca de Lerdo | Ecatepec de Morelos | 22,351.8 | 8,630.1 | 17,102,000 | 125 | 1 | 20 Dec 1823 |
 | Mexico City (Ciudad de México) | — | 1,494.3 | 577.0 | 9,305,000 | 16 | 32 | 29 Jan 2016 | |
 | Michoacán de Ocampo | Morelia | 58,598.7 | 22,625.1 | 4,736,000 | 113 | 5 | 22 Dec 1823 | |
 | Morelos | Cuernavaca | 4,878.9 | 1,883.8 | 2,016,000 | 36 | 27 | 17 Apr 1869 | |
 | Nayarit | Tepic | 27,856.5 | 10,755.5 | 1,274,000 | 20 | 28 | 26 Jan 1917 | |
 | Nuevo León | Monterrey | 64,156.2 | 24,770.8 | 5,846,000 | 51 | 15 | 7 May 1824 | |
 | Oaxaca | Oaxaca de Juárez | 93,757.6 | 36,200.0 | 4,096,000 | 570 | 3 | 21 Dec 1823 | |
 | Puebla | Puebla de Zaragoza | 34,309.6 | 13,247.0 | 6,535,000 | 217 | 4 | 21 Dec 1823 | |
 | Querétaro | Santiago de Querétaro | 11,690.6 | 4,513.8 | 2,404,000 | 18 | 11 | 23 Dec 1823 | |
 | Quintana Roo | Chetumal | Cancún | 44,705.2 | 17,260.8 | 1,895,000 | 11 | 30 | 8 Oct 1974 |
 | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | 61,138.0 | 23,605.5 | 2,815,000 | 59 | 6 | 22 Dec 1823 | |
 | Sinaloa | Culiacán Rosales | 57,365.4 | 22,148.9 | 3,015,000 | 20 | 20 | 14 Oct 1830 | |
 | Sonora | Hermosillo | 179,354.7 | 69,249.2 | 3,006,000 | 72 | 12 | 10 Jan 1824 | |
 | Tabasco | Villahermosa | 24,730.9 | 9,548.7 | 2,435,000 | 17 | 13 | 7 Feb 1824 | |
 | Tamaulipas | Ciudad Victoria | Reynosa | 80,249.3 | 30,984.4 | 3,506,000 | 43 | 14 | 7 Feb 1824 |
 | Tlaxcala | Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl | San Pablo del Monte | 3,996.6 | 1,543.1 | 1,405,000 | 60 | 23 | 9 Dec 1856 |
 | Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | Xalapa-Enríquez | Veracruz | 71,823.5 | 27,731.2 | 8,105,000 | 212 | 7 | 22 Dec 1823 |
 | Yucatán | Mérida | 39,524.4 | 15,260.5 | 2,374,000 | 106 | 8 | 23 Dec 1823 | |
 | Zacatecas | Zacatecas | 75,275.3 | 29,064.0 | 1,674,000 | 58 | 10 | 23 Dec 1823 | |
| Mexico total | Mexico City | 1,972,550.0 | 761,605.8 | 127,104,000 | 2,478 | — | |||
Notes:
- Joined the federation with the name of Coahuila y Tejas.
- The states of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Coahuila became independent de facto in 1840 to form the República del Río Grande (English: Republic of the Rio Grande); never consolidated its independence because independent forces were defeated by the centralist forces.
- Includes the remote Revillagigedo Islands, which are federally administered.
- Mexico City was a Federal District until 29 January 2016, when this status was abolished.
- Joined the federation with the name of Estado de Occidente, also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.
- The State of Tabasco seceded from Mexico on two occasions: first on 13 February 1841, rejoining again on 2 December 1842; and the second from 9 November 1846 to 9 December 1846.
- Joined the federation as República Federada de Yucatán (English: Federated Republic of Yucatán) formed by the current states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Became independent in 1841 constituting the second Republic of Yucatán and definitively rejoined in 1848.
Lists by topic
State symbols:
- State flags of Mexico
- List of Mexican state name etymologies
- List of Mexican state demonyms
- List of Mexican states by date of statehood
- Mexico State-Abbreviation Codes
State governments:
- Lists of Mexican state governors
- List of current state governors in Mexico
- List of Mexican state congresses (with current composition)
Other:
- List of Mexican states by area
- List of Mexican states by population
- List of Mexican states by population density
- List of Mexican states by GDP
- List of Mexican states by GDP per capita
- List of Mexican states by HDI
See also
- Administrative divisions of Mexico
- Territorial evolution of Mexico
- State governments of Mexico
- Territories of Mexico
- Postal codes in Mexico
References
- Agren, David (29 January 2015). "Mexico City officially changes its name to – Mexico City". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- El Diario de México. "La Ciudad de México no será estado, sino entidad federal autónoma" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- "Artículo 43 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos" (PDF).
- "DF no es el estado 32, aclaran legisladores". Archived from the original on 18 April 2020.
- "Constitution of Mexico City" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- "México en cifras - Medio Ambiente - Superficie continental" (in Spanish). INEGI. January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2022 - SCITEL" (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- "Historical Summary of Aguascalientes" (in Spanish). Gobierno del estado de Aguascalientes. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29" (in Spanish). Gobierno de Baja California.
- "44 Years Ago, Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo became States" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- "156th Anniversary of Campeche's Statehood" (in Spanish). INAFED. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "Las Diputaciones Provinciales" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15.
- "República de Río Grande, el País que no pudo ser" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- "Universidad de Colima". Archived from the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- "Commemorating the 169th Anniversary of Guerrero's Statehood" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "History of the state of Hidalgo" (in Spanish). INAFED. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "History of Morelos" (in Spanish). Gobierno del estado de Morelos. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "Anniversary of Nayarit's Statehood" (in Spanish). Gobierno de México. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "Historia de Quintana Roo" (in Spanish). Gobierno del Estado de Quintana Roo. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "500 años de México en documentos" (in Spanish). Biblioteca Garay.
- "History of Tlaxcala" (in Spanish). Congreso del estado de Tlaxcala. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- "La historia de la República de Yucatán".
Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean Central America United States of America Mexico City AG Baja California Baja California Sur Campeche Chiapas Chihuahua Coahuila Colima Durango Guanajuato Guerrero HD Jalisco EM Michoacan MO Nayarit Nuevo Leon Oaxaca Puebla Queretaro Quintana Roo San Luis Potosi Sinaloa Sonora Tabasco Tamaulipas TL Veracruz Yucatan Zacatecas A Mexican State Spanish Estado officially the Free and Sovereign State Spanish Estado libre y soberano is a constituent federative entity of Mexico according to the Constitution of Mexico Currently there are 31 states each with its own constitution government state governor and state congress In the hierarchy of Mexican administrative divisions states are further divided into municipalities Currently there are 2 462 municipalities in Mexico Although not formally a state Mexico City Spanish Ciudad de Mexico the capital city of United Mexican States and formerly designed as the Federal District Spanish Distrito Federal has been made a separate federative entity that has autonomy on par with the states since a constitutional amendment in 2016 Mexico City is divided into 16 boroughs Spanish demarcaciones territoriales similar to other states municipalities but with different administrative powers The current Mexican governmental publications usually lists 32 federative entity 31 states and Mexico City and 2 478 municipalities includes the 16 boroughs of Mexico City List of federative entitiesMexico City though not formally a state is added for comparison Federative entities of the United Mexican States Coat of arms and name Cities Area Population 2023 Munici palities Admission to FederationCapital Largest km2 sq mi Order DateAguascalientes Aguascalientes 5 615 7 2 168 2 1 465 000 11 24 5 Feb 1857Baja California Mexicali Tijuana 71 450 0 27 587 0 3 822 000 7 29 16 Jan 1952Baja California Sur La Paz 73 909 4 28 536 6 759 000 5 31 8 Oct 1974Campeche San Francisco de Campeche 57 484 9 22 195 0 965 000 13 25 29 Apr 1863Chiapas Tuxtla Gutierrez 73 311 0 28 305 5 5 602 000 124 19 14 Sep 1824Chihuahua Chihuahua Ciudad Juarez 247 412 6 95 526 5 3 806 000 67 18 6 Jul 1824Coahuila de Zaragoza Saltillo 151 594 8 58 531 1 3 189 000 38 16 7 May 1824Colima Colima Manzanillo 5 626 9 2 172 6 830 000 10 22 12 Sep 1856Durango Victoria de Durango 123 364 0 47 631 1 1 846 000 39 17 22 May 1824Guanajuato Guanajuato Leon de los Aldama 30 606 7 11 817 3 6 205 000 46 2 20 Dec 1823Guerrero Chilpancingo de los Bravo Acapulco de Juarez 63 595 9 24 554 5 3 556 000 85 21 27 Oct 1849Hidalgo Pachuca de Soto 20 821 4 8 039 2 3 115 000 84 26 16 Jan 1869Jalisco Guadalajara Zapopan 78 595 9 30 346 0 8 400 000 125 9 23 Dec 1823Mexico Toluca de Lerdo Ecatepec de Morelos 22 351 8 8 630 1 17 102 000 125 1 20 Dec 1823Mexico City Ciudad de Mexico 1 494 3 577 0 9 305 000 16 32 29 Jan 2016Michoacan de Ocampo Morelia 58 598 7 22 625 1 4 736 000 113 5 22 Dec 1823Morelos Cuernavaca 4 878 9 1 883 8 2 016 000 36 27 17 Apr 1869Nayarit Tepic 27 856 5 10 755 5 1 274 000 20 28 26 Jan 1917Nuevo Leon Monterrey 64 156 2 24 770 8 5 846 000 51 15 7 May 1824Oaxaca Oaxaca de Juarez 93 757 6 36 200 0 4 096 000 570 3 21 Dec 1823Puebla Puebla de Zaragoza 34 309 6 13 247 0 6 535 000 217 4 21 Dec 1823Queretaro Santiago de Queretaro 11 690 6 4 513 8 2 404 000 18 11 23 Dec 1823Quintana Roo Chetumal Cancun 44 705 2 17 260 8 1 895 000 11 30 8 Oct 1974San Luis Potosi San Luis Potosi 61 138 0 23 605 5 2 815 000 59 6 22 Dec 1823Sinaloa Culiacan Rosales 57 365 4 22 148 9 3 015 000 20 20 14 Oct 1830Sonora Hermosillo 179 354 7 69 249 2 3 006 000 72 12 10 Jan 1824Tabasco Villahermosa 24 730 9 9 548 7 2 435 000 17 13 7 Feb 1824Tamaulipas Ciudad Victoria Reynosa 80 249 3 30 984 4 3 506 000 43 14 7 Feb 1824Tlaxcala Tlaxcala de Xicohtencatl San Pablo del Monte 3 996 6 1 543 1 1 405 000 60 23 9 Dec 1856Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave Xalapa Enriquez Veracruz 71 823 5 27 731 2 8 105 000 212 7 22 Dec 1823Yucatan Merida 39 524 4 15 260 5 2 374 000 106 8 23 Dec 1823Zacatecas Zacatecas 75 275 3 29 064 0 1 674 000 58 10 23 Dec 1823Mexico total Mexico City 1 972 550 0 761 605 8 127 104 000 2 478 Notes Joined the federation with the name of Coahuila y Tejas The states of Nuevo Leon Tamaulipas and Coahuila became independent de facto in 1840 to form the Republica del Rio Grande English Republic of the Rio Grande never consolidated its independence because independent forces were defeated by the centralist forces Includes the remote Revillagigedo Islands which are federally administered Mexico City was a Federal District until 29 January 2016 when this status was abolished Joined the federation with the name of Estado de Occidente also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa The State of Tabasco seceded from Mexico on two occasions first on 13 February 1841 rejoining again on 2 December 1842 and the second from 9 November 1846 to 9 December 1846 Joined the federation as Republica Federada de Yucatan English Federated Republic of Yucatan formed by the current states of Yucatan Campeche and Quintana Roo Became independent in 1841 constituting the second Republic of Yucatan and definitively rejoined in 1848 Lists by topicState symbols State flags of Mexico List of Mexican state name etymologies List of Mexican state demonyms List of Mexican states by date of statehood Mexico State Abbreviation Codes State governments Lists of Mexican state governors List of current state governors in Mexico List of Mexican state congresses with current composition Other List of Mexican states by area List of Mexican states by population List of Mexican states by population density List of Mexican states by GDP List of Mexican states by GDP per capita List of Mexican states by HDISee alsoMexico portalAdministrative divisions of Mexico Territorial evolution of Mexico State governments of Mexico Territories of Mexico Postal codes in MexicoReferencesAgren David 29 January 2015 Mexico City officially changes its name to Mexico City The Guardian Retrieved 30 January 2016 El Diario de Mexico La Ciudad de Mexico no sera estado sino entidad federal autonoma in Spanish Retrieved 29 February 2016 Articulo 43 de la Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos PDF DF no es el estado 32 aclaran legisladores Archived from the original on 18 April 2020 Constitution of Mexico City PDF in Spanish Gobierno de la Ciudad de Mexico Retrieved 8 February 2021 Mexico en cifras Medio Ambiente Superficie continental in Spanish INEGI January 2016 Retrieved 12 February 2021 Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2022 SCITEL in Spanish Retrieved 26 January 2021 Historical Summary of Aguascalientes in Spanish Gobierno del estado de Aguascalientes Retrieved 5 February 2021 Transformacion Politica de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29 in Spanish Gobierno de Baja California 44 Years Ago Baja California Sur and Quintana Roo became States in Spanish Gobierno de Mexico Retrieved 6 February 2021 156th Anniversary of Campeche s Statehood in Spanish INAFED Retrieved 5 February 2021 Las Diputaciones Provinciales PDF in Spanish p 15 Republica de Rio Grande el Pais que no pudo ser in Spanish Archived from the original on 22 January 2010 Retrieved 16 June 2015 Universidad de Colima Archived from the original on 10 August 2010 Retrieved 16 June 2015 Commemorating the 169th Anniversary of Guerrero s Statehood in Spanish Gobierno de Mexico Retrieved 5 February 2021 History of the state of Hidalgo in Spanish INAFED Retrieved 5 February 2021 History of Morelos in Spanish Gobierno del estado de Morelos Retrieved 5 February 2021 Anniversary of Nayarit s Statehood in Spanish Gobierno de Mexico Retrieved 5 February 2021 Historia de Quintana Roo in Spanish Gobierno del Estado de Quintana Roo Retrieved 5 February 2021 500 anos de Mexico en documentos in Spanish Biblioteca Garay History of Tlaxcala in Spanish Congreso del estado de Tlaxcala Retrieved 5 February 2021 La historia de la Republica de Yucatan
