A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is the historical aspects that define geometry, instead of the analytical geometric studies that becomes conducted from geometricians.
Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are:
1000 BCE to 1 BCE
- Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC) – Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem
- Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470 – 410 BC) – first systematically organized Stoicheia – Elements (geometry textbook)
- Mozi (c. 468 BC – c. 391 BC)
- Plato (427–347 BC)
- Theaetetus (c. 417 BC – 369 BC)
- Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry
- Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry")
- Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) – Euclidean geometry, conic sections
- Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BC) – Euclidean geometry
- Katyayana (c. 3rd century BC) – Euclidean geometry
1–1300 AD
- Hero of Alexandria (c. AD 10–70) – Euclidean geometry
- Pappus of Alexandria (c. AD 290–c. 350) – Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
- Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD 370–c. 415) – Euclidean geometry
- Brahmagupta (597–668) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
- Vergilius of Salzburg (c.700–784) – Irish bishop of Aghaboe, Ossory and later Salzburg, Austria; antipodes, and astronomy
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800–c. 860)
- Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901) – analytic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, conic sections
- Abu'l-Wáfa (940–998) – spherical geometry, spherical triangles
- Ibn al-Haytham (965–c. 1040)
- Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) – algebraic geometry, conic sections
- Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196)
1301–1800 AD
 Leonardo da Vinci |  Johannes Kepler |  Girard Desargues |
 René Descartes |  Blaise Pascal |  Isaac Newton |
 Leonhard Euler |  Carl Gauss |  August Möbius |
 Nikolai Lobachevsky |  John Playfair |  Jakob Steiner |
- Piero della Francesca (1415–1492)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) – Euclidean geometry
- Jyesthadeva (c. 1500 – c. 1610) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
- Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
- Jacques-François Le Poivre (1652–1710) – projective geometry
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) – (used geometric ideas in astronomical work)
- Edmund Gunter (1581–1686)
- Girard Desargues (1591–1661) – projective geometry; Desargues' theorem
- René Descartes (1596–1650) – invented the methodology of analytic geometry, also called Cartesian geometry after him
- Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) – analytic geometry
- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) – projective geometry
- Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) – evolute
- Giordano Vitale (1633–1711)
- Philippe de La Hire (1640–1718) – projective geometry
- Isaac Newton (1642–1727) – 3rd-degree algebraic curve
- Giovanni Ceva (1647–1734) – Euclidean geometry
- Johann Jacob Heber (1666–1727) – surveyor and geometer
- Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – non-Euclidean geometry
- Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
- Tobias Mayer (1723–1762)
- Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) – non-Euclidean geometry
- Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) – descriptive geometry
- John Playfair (1748–1819) – Euclidean geometry
- Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) – projective geometry
- Joseph Diaz Gergonne (1771–1859) – projective geometry; Gergonne point
- Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) – Theorema Egregium
- Louis Poinsot (1777–1859)
- Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867) – projective geometry
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857)
- August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868) – Euclidean geometry
- Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
- Michel Chasles (1793–1880) – projective geometry
- Germinal Dandelin (1794–1847) – Dandelin spheres in conic sections
- Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) – champion of synthetic geometry methodology, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry
1801–1900 AD
 Julius Plücker |  Arthur Cayley |  Bernhard Riemann |
 Richard Dedekind |  Max Noether |  Felix Klein |
 Hermann Minkowski |  Henri Poincaré |  Evgraf Fedorov |
- Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800–1834) – Euclidean geometry
- Julius Plücker (1801–1868)
- János Bolyai (1802–1860) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
- Christian Heinrich von Nagel (1803–1882) – Euclidean geometry
- Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882) – topology
- Hermann Günther Grassmann (1809–1877) – exterior algebra
- Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811–1874) – algebraic invariants and geometry
- Ludwig Schlafli (1814–1895) – Regular 4-polytope
- Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892) – differential geometry
- Arthur Cayley (1821–1895)
- Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900)
- Delfino Codazzi (1824–1873) – differential geometry
- Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) – elliptic geometry (a non-Euclidean geometry) and Riemannian geometry
- Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
- Ludwig Burmester (1840–1927) – theory of linkages
- Edmund Hess (1843–1903)
- Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845–1922)
- Max Noether (1844–1921) – algebraic geometry
- Henri Brocard (1845–1922) – Brocard points
- William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879) – geometric algebra
- Pieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1923)
- Felix Klein (1849–1925)
- Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
- Evgraf Fedorov (1853–1919)
- Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
- Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) – differential geometry
- Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940)
- Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) – non-Euclidean geometry
- Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) – algebraic geometry
- Élie Cartan (1869–1951)
- Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931) – differential geometry
- Veniamin Kagan (1869–1953)
- Raoul Bricard (1870–1944) – descriptive geometry
- Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928) – Steinitz's theorem
- Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
- Oswald Veblen (1880–1960) – projective geometry, differential geometry
- Nathan Altshiller Court (1881–1968) – author of College Geometry
- Emmy Noether (1882–1935) – algebraic topology
- Harry Clinton Gossard (1884–1954)
- Arthur Rosenthal (1887–1959)
- Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) – algebraic geometry
1901–present
H. S. M. Coxeter |  Ernst Witt |  Benoit Mandelbrot |
 Branko Grünbaum |  Michael Atiyah |  J. H. Conway |
 William Thurston |  Mikhail Gromov |  George W. Hart |
 Shing-Tung Yau |  Károly Bezdek |  Grigori Perelman |
 Denis Auroux |
- William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1903–1975)
- Patrick du Val (1903–1987)
- Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) – combinatorial geometry
- J. C. P. Miller (1906–1981)
- André Weil (1906–1998) – Algebraic geometry
- H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003) – theory of polytopes, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
- J. A. Todd (1908–1994)
- Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998)
- Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004) – differential geometry
- Ernst Witt (1911–1991)
- Rafael Artzy (1912–2006)
- Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
- László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005)
- Edwin Evariste Moise (1918–1998)
- Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002) – differential geometry
- Magnus Wenninger (1919–2017) – polyhedron models
- Jean-Louis Koszul (1921–2018)
- Isaak Yaglom (1921–1988)
- Eugenio Calabi (1923–2023)
- Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) – fractal geometry
- Katsumi Nomizu (1924–2008) – affine differential geometry
- Michael S. Longuet-Higgins (1925–2016)
- John Leech (1926–1992)
- Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) – algebraic geometry
- Branko Grünbaum (1929–2018) – discrete geometry
- Michael Atiyah (1929–2019)
- Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (1908–1988)
- Geoffrey Colin Shephard (1927–2016)
- Norman W. Johnson (1930–2017)
- John Milnor (1931–)
- Roger Penrose (1931–)
- Yuri Manin (1937–2023) – algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry
- Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) – algebraic geometry
- Ernest Vinberg (1937–2020)
- J. H. Conway (1937–2020) – sphere packing,
- Robin Hartshorne (1938–) – geometry, algebraic geometry
- Phillip Griffiths (1938–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
- Enrico Bombieri (1940–) – algebraic geometry
- Robert Williams (1942–)
- Peter McMullen (1942–)
- Richard S. Hamilton (1943–2024) – differential geometry, Ricci flow, Poincaré conjecture
- Mikhail Gromov (1943–)
- Rudy Rucker (1946–)
- William Thurston (1946–2012)
- Shing-Tung Yau (1949–)
- Michael Freedman (1951–)
- Egon Schulte (1955–) – polytopes
- George W. Hart (1955–) – sculptor
- Károly Bezdek (1955–) – discrete geometry, sphere packing, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
- Simon Donaldson (1957–)
- Kenji Fukaya (1959–) – symplectic geometry
- Yong-Geun Oh (1961–)
- Toshiyuki Kobayashi (1962–)
- Hiraku Nakajima (1962–) – representation theory and geometry
- Hwang Jun-Muk (1963–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
- Grigori Perelman (1966–) – Poincaré conjecture
- Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)
- Denis Auroux (1977–)
Geometers in art
 God as architect of the world, 1220–1230, from Bible moralisée |  Kepler's Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596) |  The Ancient of Days, 1794, by William Blake, with the compass as a symbol for divine order |  Newton (1795), by William Blake; here, Newton is depicted critically as a "divine geometer". |
See also
- Mathematics and architecture
References
- Bill Casselman. "One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- "Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. September 25, 2013.
A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is the historical aspects that define geometry instead of the analytical geometric studies that becomes conducted from geometricians One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid s Elements found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c 100 AD P Oxy 29 The diagram accompanies Book II Proposition 5 Some notable geometers and their main fields of work chronologically listed are 1000 BCE to 1 BCEBaudhayana fl c 800 BC Euclidean geometry Manava c 750 BC 690 BC Euclidean geometry Thales of Miletus c 624 BC c 546 BC Euclidean geometry Pythagoras c 570 BC c 495 BC Euclidean geometry Pythagorean theorem Zeno of Elea c 490 BC c 430 BC Euclidean geometry Hippocrates of Chios born c 470 410 BC first systematically organized Stoicheia Elements geometry textbook Mozi c 468 BC c 391 BC Plato 427 347 BC Theaetetus c 417 BC 369 BC Autolycus of Pitane 360 c 290 BC astronomy spherical geometry Euclid fl 300 BC Elements Euclidean geometry sometimes called the father of geometry Apollonius of Perga c 262 BC c 190 BC Euclidean geometry conic sections Archimedes c 287 BC c 212 BC Euclidean geometry Eratosthenes c 276 BC c 195 194 BC Euclidean geometry Katyayana c 3rd century BC Euclidean geometry1 1300 ADHero of Alexandria c AD 10 70 Euclidean geometry Pappus of Alexandria c AD 290 c 350 Euclidean geometry projective geometry Hypatia of Alexandria c AD 370 c 415 Euclidean geometry Brahmagupta 597 668 Euclidean geometry cyclic quadrilaterals Vergilius of Salzburg c 700 784 Irish bishop of Aghaboe Ossory and later Salzburg Austria antipodes and astronomy Al Abbas ibn Said al Jawhari c 800 c 860 Thabit ibn Qurra 826 901 analytic geometry non Euclidean geometry conic sections Abu l Wafa 940 998 spherical geometry spherical triangles Ibn al Haytham 965 c 1040 Omar Khayyam 1048 1131 algebraic geometry conic sections Ibn Maḍaʾ 1116 1196 1301 1800 ADLeonardo da Vinci Johannes Kepler Girard DesarguesRene Descartes Blaise Pascal Isaac NewtonLeonhard Euler Carl Gauss August MobiusNikolai Lobachevsky John Playfair Jakob SteinerPiero della Francesca 1415 1492 Leonardo da Vinci 1452 1519 Euclidean geometry Jyesthadeva c 1500 c 1610 Euclidean geometry cyclic quadrilaterals Marin Getaldic 1568 1626 Jacques Francois Le Poivre 1652 1710 projective geometry Johannes Kepler 1571 1630 used geometric ideas in astronomical work Edmund Gunter 1581 1686 Girard Desargues 1591 1661 projective geometry Desargues theorem Rene Descartes 1596 1650 invented the methodology of analytic geometry also called Cartesian geometry after him Pierre de Fermat 1607 1665 analytic geometry Blaise Pascal 1623 1662 projective geometry Christiaan Huygens 1629 1695 evolute Giordano Vitale 1633 1711 Philippe de La Hire 1640 1718 projective geometry Isaac Newton 1642 1727 3rd degree algebraic curve Giovanni Ceva 1647 1734 Euclidean geometry Johann Jacob Heber 1666 1727 surveyor and geometer Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri 1667 1733 non Euclidean geometry Leonhard Euler 1707 1783 Tobias Mayer 1723 1762 Johann Heinrich Lambert 1728 1777 non Euclidean geometry Gaspard Monge 1746 1818 descriptive geometry John Playfair 1748 1819 Euclidean geometry Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 1753 1823 projective geometry Joseph Diaz Gergonne 1771 1859 projective geometry Gergonne point Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777 1855 Theorema Egregium Louis Poinsot 1777 1859 Simeon Denis Poisson 1781 1840 Jean Victor Poncelet 1788 1867 projective geometry Augustin Louis Cauchy 1789 1857 August Ferdinand Mobius 1790 1868 Euclidean geometry Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky 1792 1856 hyperbolic geometry a non Euclidean geometry Michel Chasles 1793 1880 projective geometry Germinal Dandelin 1794 1847 Dandelin spheres in conic sections Jakob Steiner 1796 1863 champion of synthetic geometry methodology projective geometry Euclidean geometry1801 1900 ADJulius Plucker Arthur Cayley Bernhard RiemannRichard Dedekind Max Noether Felix KleinHermann Minkowski Henri Poincare Evgraf FedorovKarl Wilhelm Feuerbach 1800 1834 Euclidean geometry Julius Plucker 1801 1868 Janos Bolyai 1802 1860 hyperbolic geometry a non Euclidean geometry Christian Heinrich von Nagel 1803 1882 Euclidean geometry Johann Benedict Listing 1808 1882 topology Hermann Gunther Grassmann 1809 1877 exterior algebra Ludwig Otto Hesse 1811 1874 algebraic invariants and geometry Ludwig Schlafli 1814 1895 Regular 4 polytope Pierre Ossian Bonnet 1819 1892 differential geometry Arthur Cayley 1821 1895 Joseph Bertrand 1822 1900 Delfino Codazzi 1824 1873 differential geometry Bernhard Riemann 1826 1866 elliptic geometry a non Euclidean geometry and Riemannian geometry Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind 1831 1916 Ludwig Burmester 1840 1927 theory of linkages Edmund Hess 1843 1903 Albert Victor Backlund 1845 1922 Max Noether 1844 1921 algebraic geometry Henri Brocard 1845 1922 Brocard points William Kingdon Clifford 1845 1879 geometric algebra Pieter Hendrik Schoute 1846 1923 Felix Klein 1849 1925 Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya 1850 1891 Evgraf Fedorov 1853 1919 Henri Poincare 1854 1912 Luigi Bianchi 1856 1928 differential geometry Alicia Boole Stott 1860 1940 Hermann Minkowski 1864 1909 non Euclidean geometry Henry Frederick Baker 1866 1956 algebraic geometry Elie Cartan 1869 1951 Dmitri Egorov 1869 1931 differential geometry Veniamin Kagan 1869 1953 Raoul Bricard 1870 1944 descriptive geometry Ernst Steinitz 1871 1928 Steinitz s theorem Marcel Grossmann 1878 1936 Oswald Veblen 1880 1960 projective geometry differential geometry Nathan Altshiller Court 1881 1968 author of College Geometry Emmy Noether 1882 1935 algebraic topology Harry Clinton Gossard 1884 1954 Arthur Rosenthal 1887 1959 Helmut Hasse 1898 1979 algebraic geometry1901 presentH S M Coxeter Ernst Witt Benoit MandelbrotBranko Grunbaum Michael Atiyah J H ConwayWilliam Thurston Mikhail Gromov George W HartShing Tung Yau Karoly Bezdek Grigori PerelmanDenis AurouxWilliam Vallance Douglas Hodge 1903 1975 Patrick du Val 1903 1987 Beniamino Segre 1903 1977 combinatorial geometry J C P Miller 1906 1981 Andre Weil 1906 1998 Algebraic geometry H S M Coxeter 1907 2003 theory of polytopes non Euclidean geometry projective geometry J A Todd 1908 1994 Daniel Pedoe 1910 1998 Shiing Shen Chern 1911 2004 differential geometry Ernst Witt 1911 1991 Rafael Artzy 1912 2006 Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov 1912 1999 Laszlo Fejes Toth 1915 2005 Edwin Evariste Moise 1918 1998 Aleksei Pogorelov 1919 2002 differential geometry Magnus Wenninger 1919 2017 polyhedron models Jean Louis Koszul 1921 2018 Isaak Yaglom 1921 1988 Eugenio Calabi 1923 2023 Benoit Mandelbrot 1924 2010 fractal geometry Katsumi Nomizu 1924 2008 affine differential geometry Michael S Longuet Higgins 1925 2016 John Leech 1926 1992 Alexander Grothendieck 1928 2014 algebraic geometry Branko Grunbaum 1929 2018 discrete geometry Michael Atiyah 1929 2019 Lev Semenovich Pontryagin 1908 1988 Geoffrey Colin Shephard 1927 2016 Norman W Johnson 1930 2017 John Milnor 1931 Roger Penrose 1931 Yuri Manin 1937 2023 algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry Vladimir Arnold 1937 2010 algebraic geometry Ernest Vinberg 1937 2020 J H Conway 1937 2020 sphere packing Robin Hartshorne 1938 geometry algebraic geometry Phillip Griffiths 1938 algebraic geometry differential geometry Enrico Bombieri 1940 algebraic geometry Robert Williams 1942 Peter McMullen 1942 Richard S Hamilton 1943 2024 differential geometry Ricci flow Poincare conjecture Mikhail Gromov 1943 Rudy Rucker 1946 William Thurston 1946 2012 Shing Tung Yau 1949 Michael Freedman 1951 Egon Schulte 1955 polytopes George W Hart 1955 sculptor Karoly Bezdek 1955 discrete geometry sphere packing Euclidean geometry non Euclidean geometry Simon Donaldson 1957 Kenji Fukaya 1959 symplectic geometry Yong Geun Oh 1961 Toshiyuki Kobayashi 1962 Hiraku Nakajima 1962 representation theory and geometry Hwang Jun Muk 1963 algebraic geometry differential geometry Grigori Perelman 1966 Poincare conjecture Maryam Mirzakhani 1977 2017 Denis Auroux 1977 Geometers in artGod as architect of the world 1220 1230 from Bible moralisee Kepler s Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum 1596 The Ancient of Days 1794 by William Blake with the compass as a symbol for divine order Newton 1795 by William Blake here Newton is depicted critically as a divine geometer See alsoMathematics and architectureReferencesBill Casselman One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid University of British Columbia Retrieved 2008 09 26 Newton object 1 Butlin 306 Newton William Blake Archive September 25 2013
