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A central vowel, formerly also known as a mixed vowel, is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel. (In practice, unrounded central vowels tend to be further forward and rounded central vowels further back.)
| Central vowel | |
|---|---|
| ◌̈ | |
| IPA number | 415 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | ̈ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0308 |
| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
List
The central vowels that have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
- close central unrounded vowel [ɨ]
- close central protruded vowel [ʉ]
- close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ] (older publications may use ⟨ë⟩)
- close-mid central rounded vowel [ɵ] (older publications may use ⟨ö⟩)
- mid central vowel with ambiguous rounding [ə]
- open-mid central unrounded vowel [ɜ] (older publications may use ⟨ɛ̈⟩)
- open-mid central rounded vowel [ɞ] (older publications may use ⟨ɔ̈⟩)
- near-open central vowel with ambiguous rounding [ɐ] (typically used for an unrounded vowel; if precision is desired, ⟨ɜ̞⟩ may be used for an unrounded vowel and ⟨ɞ̞⟩ for a rounded vowel)
There also are central vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA:
- close central compressed vowel [ÿ]
- near-close central unrounded vowel [ɨ̞], [ɪ̈], [ɪ̠] or [ɘ̝] (unofficial symbol: ⟨ᵻ⟩)
- near-close central protruded vowel [ʉ̞], [ʊ̈], [ʊ̟] or [ɵ̝] (unofficial symbol: ⟨ᵿ⟩)
- near-close central compressed vowel [ʏ̈]
- mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ̞] or [ɜ̝] (commonly written ⟨ə⟩)
- mid central protruded vowel [ɵ̞] or [ɞ̝] (commonly written ⟨ɵ⟩ as if it were close-mid)
- mid central compressed vowel [əᵝ]
- open central unrounded vowel [ä] (commonly written ⟨a⟩ as if it were front)
- open central rounded vowel [ɒ̈]
See also
- Front vowel
- Back vowel
- List of phonetics topics
- Relative articulation
Bibliography
- International Phonetic Association (1999), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message A central vowel formerly also known as a mixed vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel In practice unrounded central vowels tend to be further forward and rounded central vowels further back Central vowel IPA number415EncodingEntity decimal amp 776 Unicode hex U 0308IPA VowelsFront Central BackClose i y ɨ ʉ ɯ uNear close ɪ ʏ ʊClose mid e o ɘ ɵ ɤ oMid e o e ɤ o Open mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔNear open ae ɐOpen a ɶ a ɑ ɒIPA help audio full chart template Legend unrounded roundedThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters ListThe central vowels that have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are close central unrounded vowel ɨ close central protruded vowel ʉ close mid central unrounded vowel ɘ older publications may use e close mid central rounded vowel ɵ older publications may use o mid central vowel with ambiguous rounding e open mid central unrounded vowel ɜ older publications may use ɛ open mid central rounded vowel ɞ older publications may use ɔ near open central vowel with ambiguous rounding ɐ typically used for an unrounded vowel if precision is desired ɜ may be used for an unrounded vowel and ɞ for a rounded vowel There also are central vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA close central compressed vowel y near close central unrounded vowel ɨ ɪ ɪ or ɘ unofficial symbol ᵻ near close central protruded vowel ʉ ʊ ʊ or ɵ unofficial symbol ᵿ near close central compressed vowel ʏ mid central unrounded vowel ɘ or ɜ commonly written e mid central protruded vowel ɵ or ɞ commonly written ɵ as if it were close mid mid central compressed vowel eᵝ open central unrounded vowel a commonly written a as if it were front open central rounded vowel ɒ See alsoFront vowel Back vowel List of phonetics topics Relative articulationBibliographyInternational Phonetic Association 1999 Handbook of the International Phonetic Association A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 65236 7 This phonetics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte
