Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι, romanized: Sophistikoi Elenchoi; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies. According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.).
Overview
On Sophistical Refutations consists of 34 chapters. The book naturally falls in two parts: chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner (3–8 and 12–15) and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer (16–32). Besides, there is an introduction (1–2), an interlude (9–11), and a conclusion (33–34).
Fallacies identified
The fallacies Aristotle identifies in Chapter 4 (formal fallacies) and 5 (informal fallacies) of this book are the following:
- Fallacies in the language or formal fallacies (in dictionem):
- Equivocation
- Amphiboly
- Composition
- Division
- Accent
- Figure of speech or form of expression
- Fallacies not in the language or informal fallacies (extra dictionem):
- Accident
- Secundum quid
- Irrelevant conclusion
- Petitio principii
- False cause
- Affirming the consequent
- Fallacy of many questions
Footnotes
- Sometimes listed as twelve.
References
- Aristotle; Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge. "On Sophistical Refutations". Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- Edward N. Zalta, ed. (18 March 2000). "Aristotle's Logic, < Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy>". Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- Krabbe, E.C.W. "Aristotle's On Sophistical Refutations. Topoi 31, 243–248 (2012)". doi:10.1007/s11245-012-9124-0. S2CID 170350834.
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Further reading
- Gysembergh, Victor (2023). Forgotten Ancient Commentaries on Aristotle's Sphistical Refutations: Fragments of Aspasios, Herminos, Alexander, Syrianos and Philoponos. Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111332666.
External links
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Works related to Sophistical Refutations at Wikisource- HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo
- Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
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Sophistical Elenchi public domain audiobook at LibriVox- ChangingMinds.org: "Aristotle's 13 fallacies"
- Parry, William T.; Hacker, Edward A. (1991), Aristotelian Logic, SUNY Press, p. 435, ISBN 978-0-7914-0690-8
Sophistical Refutations Greek Sofistikoὶ Ἔlegxoi romanized Sophistikoi Elenchoi Latin De Sophisticis Elenchis is a text in Aristotle s Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies According to Aristotle this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece Soph Ref 34 183b34 ff OverviewOn Sophistical Refutations consists of 34 chapters The book naturally falls in two parts chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner 3 8 and 12 15 and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer 16 32 Besides there is an introduction 1 2 an interlude 9 11 and a conclusion 33 34 Fallacies identifiedThe fallacies Aristotle identifies in Chapter 4 formal fallacies and 5 informal fallacies of this book are the following Fallacies in the language or formal fallacies in dictionem Equivocation Amphiboly Composition Division Accent Figure of speech or form of expressionFallacies not in the language or informal fallacies extra dictionem AccidentSecundum quidIrrelevant conclusionPetitio principiiFalse causeAffirming the consequentFallacy of many questionsFootnotesSometimes listed as twelve ReferencesAristotle Translated by W A Pickard Cambridge On Sophistical Refutations Retrieved 2020 12 19 Edward N Zalta ed 18 March 2000 Aristotle s Logic lt Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy gt Retrieved 2020 12 19 Krabbe E C W Aristotle s On Sophistical Refutations Topoi 31 243 248 2012 doi 10 1007 s11245 012 9124 0 S2CID 170350834 a href wiki Template Cite journal title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Further readingGysembergh Victor 2023 Forgotten Ancient Commentaries on Aristotle s Sphistical Refutations Fragments of Aspasios Herminos Alexander Syrianos and Philoponos Boston De Gruyter ISBN 9783111332666 External linksWorks related to Sophistical Refutations at Wikisource HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo Translated by W A Pickard Cambridge Sophistical Elenchi public domain audiobook at LibriVox ChangingMinds org Aristotle s 13 fallacies Parry William T Hacker Edward A 1991 Aristotelian Logic SUNY Press p 435 ISBN 978 0 7914 0690 8
