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West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth.
Etymology
The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages (ouest in French, oest in Catalan, ovest in Italian, oeste in Spanish and Portuguese). As in other languages, the word formation stems from the fact that west is the direction of the setting sun in the evening: 'west' derives from the Indo-European root *wes reduced from *wes-pero 'evening, night', cognate with Ancient Greek ἕσπερος hesperos 'evening; evening star; western' and Latin vesper 'evening; west'. Examples of the same formation in other languages include Latin occidens 'west' from occidō 'to go down, to set' and Hebrew מַעֲרָב (maarav) 'west' from עֶרֶב (erev) 'evening'.
West is sometimes abbreviated as W.
Navigation
To go west using a compass for navigation (in a place where magnetic north is the same direction as true north) one needs to set a bearing or azimuth of 270°.
West is the direction opposite that of the Earth's rotation on its axis, and is therefore the general direction towards which the Sun appears to constantly progress and eventually set. This is not true on the planet Venus, which rotates in the opposite direction from the Earth (retrograde rotation). To an observer on the surface of Venus, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east although Venus's opaque clouds prevent observing the Sun from the planet's surface.
In a map with north at the top, west is on the left.
Moving continuously west is following a circle of latitude.
Weather
Due to the direction of the Earth's rotation, the prevailing wind in many places in the middle latitudes (i.e. between 35 and 65 degrees latitude) is from the west, known as the westerlies.
Cultural
The phrase "the West" is often spoken in reference to the Western world, which includes the European Union (also the EFTA countries), the United Kingdom, the Americas, Israel, Australia, New Zealand and (in part) South Africa.
The concept of the Western part of the earth has its roots in the Western Roman Empire and the Western Christianity. During the Cold War "the West" was often used to refer to the NATO camp as opposed to the Warsaw Pact and non-aligned nations. The expression survives, with an increasingly ambiguous meaning.
Symbolic meanings
In Chinese Buddhism, the West represents movement toward the Buddha or enlightenment (see Journey to the West). The ancient Aztecs believed that the West was the realm of the great goddess of water, mist, and maize. In Ancient Egypt, the West was considered to be the portal to the netherworld, and is the cardinal direction regarded in connection with death, though not always with a negative connotation. Ancient Egyptians also believed that the Goddess Amunet was a personification of the West. The Celts believed that beyond the western sea off the edges of all maps lay the Otherworld, or Afterlife.
In Judaism, west is seen to be toward the Shekinah (presence) of God, as in Jewish history the Tabernacle and subsequent Jerusalem Temple faced east, with God's Presence in the Holy of Holies up the steps to the west. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed the Jordan River westward into the Promised Land. In Islam, while in India, people pray facing towards the west as in respect to Mecca, Mecca is in the West-ward direction.
In American literature (e.g., in The Great Gatsby) moving West has sometimes symbolized gaining freedom, perhaps as an association with the settling of the Wild West (see also the American frontier and Manifest Destiny).
References
- "west | Origin and meaning of west by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
- "Space Topics: Compare the Planets". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
- Serge Brunier (2002). Solar System Voyage. Translated by Dunlop, Storm. Cambridge University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-521-80724-1.
- Glossary of Meteorology (2009). "Westerlies". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- Sue Ferguson (2001-09-07). "Climatology of the Interior Columbia River Basin" (PDF). Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- Campbell, Joseph. The Mythic Image. Princeton University Press, 1981.
External links
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The dictionary definition of west at Wiktionary
This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources West news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth A 16 point compass rose with west highlighted in blackEtymologyThe word west is a Germanic word passed into some Romance languages ouest in French oest in Catalan ovest in Italian oeste in Spanish and Portuguese As in other languages the word formation stems from the fact that west is the direction of the setting sun in the evening west derives from the Indo European root wes reduced from wes pero evening night cognate with Ancient Greek ἕsperos hesperos evening evening star western and Latin vesper evening west Examples of the same formation in other languages include Latin occidens west from occidō to go down to set and Hebrew מ ע ר ב maarav west from ע ר ב erev evening West is sometimes abbreviated as W NavigationTo go west using a compass for navigation in a place where magnetic north is the same direction as true north one needs to set a bearing or azimuth of 270 West is the direction opposite that of the Earth s rotation on its axis and is therefore the general direction towards which the Sun appears to constantly progress and eventually set This is not true on the planet Venus which rotates in the opposite direction from the Earth retrograde rotation To an observer on the surface of Venus the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east although Venus s opaque clouds prevent observing the Sun from the planet s surface In a map with north at the top west is on the left Moving continuously west is following a circle of latitude WeatherDue to the direction of the Earth s rotation the prevailing wind in many places in the middle latitudes i e between 35 and 65 degrees latitude is from the west known as the westerlies CulturalThe phrase the West is often spoken in reference to the Western world which includes the European Union also the EFTA countries the United Kingdom the Americas Israel Australia New Zealand and in part South Africa The concept of the Western part of the earth has its roots in the Western Roman Empire and the Western Christianity During the Cold War the West was often used to refer to the NATO camp as opposed to the Warsaw Pact and non aligned nations The expression survives with an increasingly ambiguous meaning Symbolic meaningsIn Chinese Buddhism the West represents movement toward the Buddha or enlightenment see Journey to the West The ancient Aztecs believed that the West was the realm of the great goddess of water mist and maize In Ancient Egypt the West was considered to be the portal to the netherworld and is the cardinal direction regarded in connection with death though not always with a negative connotation Ancient Egyptians also believed that the Goddess Amunet was a personification of the West The Celts believed that beyond the western sea off the edges of all maps lay the Otherworld or Afterlife In Judaism west is seen to be toward the Shekinah presence of God as in Jewish history the Tabernacle and subsequent Jerusalem Temple faced east with God s Presence in the Holy of Holies up the steps to the west According to the Bible the Israelites crossed the Jordan River westward into the Promised Land In Islam while in India people pray facing towards the west as in respect to Mecca Mecca is in the West ward direction In American literature e g in The Great Gatsby moving West has sometimes symbolized gaining freedom perhaps as an association with the settling of the Wild West see also the American frontier and Manifest Destiny References west Origin and meaning of west by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2018 03 03 Space Topics Compare the Planets The Planetary Society Archived from the original on 18 February 2006 Retrieved 12 January 2016 Serge Brunier 2002 Solar System Voyage Translated by Dunlop Storm Cambridge University Press p 40 ISBN 978 0 521 80724 1 Glossary of Meteorology 2009 Westerlies American Meteorological Society Archived from the original on 2010 06 22 Retrieved 2009 04 15 Sue Ferguson 2001 09 07 Climatology of the Interior Columbia River Basin PDF Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project Archived from the original PDF on 2009 05 15 Retrieved 2009 09 12 Campbell Joseph The Mythic Image Princeton University Press 1981 External linksThe dictionary definition of west at Wiktionary
