In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.
Main classes of sugar acids include:
- Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group (−CH=O) located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.
- Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group (−CH2OH) at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an α-ketoacid.
- Uronic acids, in which the −CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.
- Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CH=O and −CH2OH) of an aldose are oxidized.
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Examples
Examples of sugar acids include:
- Aldonic acids
- Glyceric acid (3C)
- Xylonic acid (5C)
- Gluconic acid (6C)
- Ascorbic acid (6C, unsaturated lactone)
- Ulosonic acids
- Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid)
- Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid)
- Uronic acids
- Glucuronic acid (6C)
- Galacturonic acid (6C)
- Iduronic acid (6C)
- Aldaric acids
- Tartaric acid (4C)
- meso-Galactaric acid (Mucic acid) (6C)
- D-Glucaric acid (Saccharic acid) (6C)
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References
External links
- Sugar+Acids at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
In organic chemistry a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain Main classes of sugar acids include Aldonic acids in which the aldehyde group CH O located at the initial end position 1 of an aldose is oxidized Ulosonic acids in which the hydroxymethyl group CH2OH at the initial end of a 2 ketose is oxidized creating an a ketoacid Uronic acids in which the CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized Aldaric acids in which both ends CH O and CH2OH of an aldose are oxidized Aldonic acid An ulosonic acid specifically 3 Deoxy D manno oct 2 ulosonic acid Uronic acid Aldaric acidExamplesExamples of sugar acids include Aldonic acids Glyceric acid 3C Xylonic acid 5C Gluconic acid 6C Ascorbic acid 6C unsaturated lactone Ulosonic acids Neuraminic acid 5 amino 3 5 dideoxy D glycero D galacto non 2 ulosonic acid Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid KDO or 3 deoxy D manno oct 2 ulosonic acid Uronic acids Glucuronic acid 6C Galacturonic acid 6C Iduronic acid 6C Aldaric acids Tartaric acid 4C meso Galactaric acid Mucic acid 6C D Glucaric acid Saccharic acid 6C Ascorbic acid Vitamin C The b D form of glucuronic acidReferencesRobyt J F 1998 Essentials of carbohydrate chemistry New York Springer ISBN 0 387 94951 8 Davies Michael B Austin John Partridge David A 1991 Vitamin C Its Chemistry and Biochemistry The Royal Society of Chemistry p 48 ISBN 0 85186 333 7 External linksSugar Acids at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH
