Canada is divided into 10 provinces and three territories. The majority of Canada's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada–US border. Its four largest provinces by area (Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) are also its most populous; together they account for 86.5 percent of the country's population. The territories (the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon) account for over a third of Canada's area but are home to only 0.32 percent of its population, which skews the national population density value.
Canada's population grew by 5.24 percent between the 2016 and 2021 censuses. With the exceptions of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories, all territories and provinces increased in population from 2016 to 2021. In terms of percent change, the fastest-growing province or territory was Yukon with an increase of 12.1 percent between 2016 and 2021, followed by Prince Edward Island with 7.99 percent growth.
Generally, provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada. However, some provinces such as Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline. Ontario and Quebec were always the two most populous provinces in Canada, with over 60 percent of the population at any given time. The demographic importance of the West steadily grew over time, while the importance of Atlantic Canada steadily slipped. Canada's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867: see List of population of Canada by year.
Population
| Name | 2021 census | Growth (2016–2021) | Land area (km2) | Density per (km2) | House | Senate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | |||||
| 1 | Ontario | 14,223,942 | 38.45% | 5.8% | 908,699.33 | 15.2 | 121 | 35.8% | 24 | 22.86% |
| 2 | Quebec | 8,501,833 | 22.98% | 4.1% | 1,356,625.27 | 6.5 | 78 | 23.1% | 24 | 22.86% |
| 3 | British Columbia | 5,000,879 | 13.52% | 7.6% | 922,503.01 | 5.4 | 42 | 12.4% | 6 | 5.71% |
| 4 | Alberta | 4,262,635 | 11.52% | 4.8% | 640,330.46 | 6.7 | 34 | 10.1% | 6 | 5.71% |
| 5 | Manitoba | 1,342,153 | 3.63% | 5.0% | 552,370.99 | 2.3 | 14 | 4.1% | 6 | 5.71% |
| 6 | Saskatchewan | 1,132,505 | 3.06% | 3.1% | 588,243.54 | 2.0 | 14 | 4.1% | 6 | 5.71% |
| 7 | Nova Scotia | 969,383 | 2.62% | 5.0% | 52,942.27 | 18.4 | 11 | 3.3% | 10 | 9.52% |
| 8 | New Brunswick | 775,610 | 2.09% | 3.8% | 71,388.81 | 10.9 | 10 | 3.0% | 10 | 9.52% |
| 9 | Newfoundland and Labrador | 510,550 | 1.38% | −1.8% | 370,514.08 | 1.4 | 7 | 2.1% | 6 | 5.71% |
| 10 | Prince Edward Island | 154,331 | 0.42% | 8.0% | 5,686.03 | 27.2 | 4 | 1.2% | 4 | 3.81% |
| 11 | Northwest Territories | 41,070 | 0.11% | −1.7% | 1,143,793.86 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.3% | 1 | 0.95% |
| 12 | Yukon | 40,232 | 0.11% | 12.1% | 474,712.68 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.3% | 1 | 0.95% |
| 13 | Nunavut | 36,858 | 0.10% | 2.5% | 1,877,778.53 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.3% | 1 | 0.95% |
| Total | Canada | 36,991,981 | 100% | 5.2% | 8,965,588.85 | 4.2 | 338 | 100% | 105 | 100% |
Population growth rate
Current provinces and territories population growth rate are based on the Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population.
| Rank | Name | 2021 census | 2016 census | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yukon | 40,232 | 35,874 | +12.15% |
| 2 | Prince Edward Island | 154,331 | 142,907 | +7.99% |
| 3 | British Columbia | 5,000,879 | 4,648,055 | +7.59% |
| 4 | Ontario | 14,223,942 | 13,448,494 | +5.77% |
| 5 | Manitoba | 1,342,153 | 1,278,365 | +4.99% |
| 6 | Nova Scotia | 969,383 | 923,598 | +4.96% |
| 7 | Alberta | 4,262,635 | 4,067,175 | +4.81% |
| 8 | Quebec | 8,501,833 | 8,164,361 | +4.13% |
| 9 | New Brunswick | 775,610 | 747,101 | +3.82% |
| 10 | Saskatchewan | 1,132,505 | 1,098,352 | +3.11% |
| 11 | Nunavut | 36,858 | 35,944 | +2.54% |
| 12 | Northwest Territories | 41,070 | 41,786 | −1.71% |
| 13 | Newfoundland and Labrador | 510,550 | 519,716 | −1.76% |
| Total | Canada | 36,991,981 | 35,151,728 | +5.24% |
Demographic evolution
Historical population
The population of Canada increased every year since Confederation in 1867. The first national census of the country was taken in 1871, and it covered the four provinces which were part of Canada at the time. It recorded a population of 1,620,851 in Ontario, 1,191,516 in Quebec, 387,800 in Nova Scotia and 285,594 in New Brunswick The population of each of these provinces continued to grow every year uninterrupted. However, their growth was slow in the late 19th century because there were few economic opportunities. As a result, many Canadians opted to emigrate in the United States for work.
This phenomenon hit Quebec especially hard. Approximately 900,000 Quebec residents (French Canadian for the great majority) left for the United States between 1840 and 1930. However, Quebec's population losses to emigration during this period were largely offset by its natural population growth. Indeed, until the middle of the 20th century, Quebec had a birth rate considerably higher than most of its contemporary industrialized societies. This period of high French-Canadian population growth is nicknamed La Revanche des berceaux (lit: 'the revenge of the cradle').
Population growth in the Northwest Territories, and then the Western provinces, picked up when the Canadian government passed the Dominion Lands Act in 1872 to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies, and to help prevent the area from being claimed by the United States. The act gave a claimant 160 acres (65 ha) for free, the only cost to the farmer being a $10 administration fee. Any male farmer who was at least 21 years of age and agreed to cultivate at least 40 acres (16 ha) of the land and build a permanent dwelling on it (within three years) qualified. The population of the Canadian prairies grew rapidly in the last decade of the 19th century, and the population of Saskatchewan more than quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 in 1911. The vast majority of these people were immigrants from Europe.
Early counts of Northwest Territories' population tend to exclude the Indigenous citizens of the nations whose countries comprised the territory, such as the Dene of Denendeh or Inuit of Inuit Nunangat. The territory's population drops at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are due to its reduction in size, as Yukon, then Saskatchewan and Alberta were carved out of its territory, and the same with Nunavut a century later. Yukon's population spike at the turn of the 20th century is due to the Klondike Gold Rush, when an estimated 100,000 people tried to reach the Klondike goldfields between 1896 and 1899, of whom only around 30,000 to 40,000 eventually did.
Generally, provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada. However, some provinces experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline. After peaking in 1891, Prince Edward Island's population started to decline every year until 1941, after which the province started growing again. In Saskatchewan, after a rapid population explosion at the beginning of the century that propelled the province to being the 3rd largest in the country, its population declined during the Great Depression, and its growth had been slow ever since. From 1931 to 2016, Saskatchewan's population increased by only 19.2 percent, well below the national average. Newfoundland and Labrador, on the other hand, experienced slow but continuous growth until the 1990s, when the cod fisheries collapsed, and their population started to fall.
After the collapse of the Canadian birth rate, most provinces now sustain their population with immigration from the developing world. The number of new immigrants increases every year.
Demographic weight of provinces and territories
The demographic weight of each province in Canada has always constituted a sensitive issue. In 1840, the Durham Report recommended that Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) be united into one province. The newly created Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was required to have equal representation from Canada East (now Quebec) and Canada West (now Ontario), even though the population of Canada East was considerably larger. In 1840, the population of Canada East was estimated at 670,000, while the population of Canada West was estimated to be 480,000. Lord Durham had not recommended this approach and had instead proposed that the representation should be based on the respective populations of the two regions. The British government rejected that recommendation and instead implemented sectional equality, apparently to give the English-speaking population of the new province a dominant voice in the provincial government.
However, the 1851 census revealed that Canada West's population had surpassed Canada East's. This fact fuelled demands in Canada West for the end of sectional equality and the move toward allocating seats in the legislation on the basis of population, nicknamed "rep by pop". This was a hotly contested issue at the constitutional conferences leading up to confederation, and the colonies reached a comprise in which the seats in the federal lower house (House of Commons) would be allocated by population, and the seats in the federal upper house (Senate) would be allocated on the basis of three defined regions – Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes – that would each have 24 seats.
Since Confederation, Ontario and Quebec have always been Canada's two most populous provinces. However, their combined demographic weight decreased from over 80 percent at Confederation to just over 60 percent in 2016. The Atlantic provinces also lost importance within Canada, from around 20 percent at Confederation to under 7 percent today. The West's importance, however, has only increased, from insignificant levels in 1871 to over 30 percent of the country in 2016. In the first half of the 20th century, the most populous western province was Saskatchewan, but its population was later eclipsed by British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba.
The issue of the demographic weight of each province came up during the negotiations for the patriation of the Canadian Constitution, and especially discussions around the amending formula of the constitution. The final formula stipulates that minor changes to the constitution had to be approved by the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of 6 provinces representing at least 50 percent of the Canadian population. This essentially meant that either Ontario or Quebec had to agree to any constitutional amendments that affect all provinces.
Quebec had managed to maintain a stable demographic weight within Canada during the first half of the 20th century due to its high birth rate. However, their importance began to slip as their birth rate started to fall in the 1960s. Quebec wanted to make it up through immigration, and for this purpose created its Ministry of Immigration in 1968, and negotiated for increased powers in this field with the federal government. However, new immigrants to Canada disproportionally go the Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta, fuelling their rise in demographic weight. In response, a Canada–Québec Accord was concluded in 1991 which, among other things, guaranteed Quebec an immigration rate proportional to its demographic weight in Canada. This provision was not fulfilled, as in 2005, immigration to Quebec represented only 16.5 percent of all immigration to Canada.
Quebec also attempted to maintain its weight within the Canadian House of Commons during the constitutional negotiations of the early 1990s. Under the Charlottetown Accord, in exchange for Quebec losing Senate seats under a Triple-E Senate (dropping from 24 to 6), Quebec was guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25 percent of the seats in the House of Commons. The accord was ultimately defeated in a public referendum.
| Alberta |
| British Columbia |
| Manitoba |
| New Brunswick |
| Newfoundland & Labrador |
| Northwest Territories |
| Nova Scotia |
| Nunavut |
| Ontario |
| Prince Edward Island |
| Quebec |
| Saskatchewan |
| Yukon |
See also
- Interprovincial migration in Canada
- List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population
- List of largest Canadian cities by census
- List of the largest cities and towns in Canada by area
- List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population
- List of the largest population centres in Canada
- Population of Canada
References
- "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
- "History of the Census of Canada". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- Series A2-14. Population of Canada by province, census dates, 1851 to 1976
- "Emigration The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- Bélanger, Damien-Claude (August 23, 2000). "French Canadian Emigration to the United States, 1840–1930". Québec History, Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
- Bélanger, Claude. "Emigration to the United States from Canada and Quebec, 1840–1940". Quebec History. Marianopolis College. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
- "Québec: dénatalité et immigration". www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- Colombo's Canadian References, Oxford University Press, 1976, p.444.
- Lambrecht, Kirk N (1991). The Administration of Dominion Lands, 1870–1930.
- "Dominion Lands Act | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- The history of Saskatchewan's population Archived May 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine from Statistics Canada
- Berton, Pierre (2001). Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush, 1896–1899 (Rev. ed.). Toronto: Anchor Canada. p. 396. ISBN 0-385-65844-3. OCLC 46661521.
- "Canada Expected To Take In More Than One Million New Immigrants Between 2020-2022 | Link Newspaper". March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- Union Act, 1840, s. 12.
- "Province of Canada (1841–67)", Canadian Encyclopedia.
- Lord Durham's Report, pp. 323-324.
- "Rep by Pop | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- "Census profiles, 2016 census". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017.
- "Patriation of the Constitution | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- "Chapitre 2: Naissances et fécondité". Le bilan démographique du Québec: Édition 2019. Quebec city: Institut de la statistique du Québec. 2019. p. 36.
- "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". Statistics Canada. 2016.
- ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Politique - (November 2, 2018). "Il y a 50 ans, le Québec se dotait d'un ministère de l'Immigration". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved November 4, 2018.
- Annual Immigration by Province Archived October 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, URL accessed July 2, 2006
- "Charlottetown Accord | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
Canada is divided into 10 provinces and three territories The majority of Canada s population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada US border Its four largest provinces by area Ontario Quebec British Columbia and Alberta are also its most populous together they account for 86 5 percent of the country s population The territories the Northwest Territories Nunavut and Yukon account for over a third of Canada s area but are home to only 0 32 percent of its population which skews the national population density value Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population 2021 Legend gt 10 million 5 million to 10 million 1 million to 5 million 500 thousand to 1 million 100 thousand to 500 thousand lt 100 thousand Canada s population grew by 5 24 percent between the 2016 and 2021 censuses With the exceptions of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories all territories and provinces increased in population from 2016 to 2021 In terms of percent change the fastest growing province or territory was Yukon with an increase of 12 1 percent between 2016 and 2021 followed by Prince Edward Island with 7 99 percent growth Generally provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada However some provinces such as Saskatchewan Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline Ontario and Quebec were always the two most populous provinces in Canada with over 60 percent of the population at any given time The demographic importance of the West steadily grew over time while the importance of Atlantic Canada steadily slipped Canada s population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 see List of population of Canada by year PopulationName 2021 census Growth 2016 2021 Land area km2 Density per km2 House SenatePop Seats Seats 1 Ontario 14 223 942 38 45 5 8 908 699 33 15 2 121 35 8 24 22 86 2 Quebec 8 501 833 22 98 4 1 1 356 625 27 6 5 78 23 1 24 22 86 3 British Columbia 5 000 879 13 52 7 6 922 503 01 5 4 42 12 4 6 5 71 4 Alberta 4 262 635 11 52 4 8 640 330 46 6 7 34 10 1 6 5 71 5 Manitoba 1 342 153 3 63 5 0 552 370 99 2 3 14 4 1 6 5 71 6 Saskatchewan 1 132 505 3 06 3 1 588 243 54 2 0 14 4 1 6 5 71 7 Nova Scotia 969 383 2 62 5 0 52 942 27 18 4 11 3 3 10 9 52 8 New Brunswick 775 610 2 09 3 8 71 388 81 10 9 10 3 0 10 9 52 9 Newfoundland and Labrador 510 550 1 38 1 8 370 514 08 1 4 7 2 1 6 5 71 10 Prince Edward Island 154 331 0 42 8 0 5 686 03 27 2 4 1 2 4 3 81 11 Northwest Territories 41 070 0 11 1 7 1 143 793 86 0 04 1 0 3 1 0 95 12 Yukon 40 232 0 11 12 1 474 712 68 0 08 1 0 3 1 0 95 13 Nunavut 36 858 0 10 2 5 1 877 778 53 0 02 1 0 3 1 0 95 Total Canada 36 991 981 100 5 2 8 965 588 85 4 2 338 100 105 100 Population growth rateMap of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate 2016 2021 lt 4 0 4 0 7 0 7 0 10 0 gt 10 0 population decline Current provinces and territories population growth rate are based on the Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population Rank Name 2021 census 2016 census Change1 Yukon 40 232 35 874 12 15 2 Prince Edward Island 154 331 142 907 7 99 3 British Columbia 5 000 879 4 648 055 7 59 4 Ontario 14 223 942 13 448 494 5 77 5 Manitoba 1 342 153 1 278 365 4 99 6 Nova Scotia 969 383 923 598 4 96 7 Alberta 4 262 635 4 067 175 4 81 8 Quebec 8 501 833 8 164 361 4 13 9 New Brunswick 775 610 747 101 3 82 10 Saskatchewan 1 132 505 1 098 352 3 11 11 Nunavut 36 858 35 944 2 54 12 Northwest Territories 41 070 41 786 1 71 13 Newfoundland and Labrador 510 550 519 716 1 76 Total Canada 36 991 981 35 151 728 5 24 Demographic evolutionHistorical population Ontario and Quebec have been the two most populated provinces since Confederation The population of Canada increased every year since Confederation in 1867 The first national census of the country was taken in 1871 and it covered the four provinces which were part of Canada at the time It recorded a population of 1 620 851 in Ontario 1 191 516 in Quebec 387 800 in Nova Scotia and 285 594 in New Brunswick The population of each of these provinces continued to grow every year uninterrupted However their growth was slow in the late 19th century because there were few economic opportunities As a result many Canadians opted to emigrate in the United States for work This phenomenon hit Quebec especially hard Approximately 900 000 Quebec residents French Canadian for the great majority left for the United States between 1840 and 1930 However Quebec s population losses to emigration during this period were largely offset by its natural population growth Indeed until the middle of the 20th century Quebec had a birth rate considerably higher than most of its contemporary industrialized societies This period of high French Canadian population growth is nicknamed La Revanche des berceaux lit the revenge of the cradle Pamphlet advertising for immigration to Western Canada c 1910 Population growth in the Northwest Territories and then the Western provinces picked up when the Canadian government passed the Dominion Lands Act in 1872 to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies and to help prevent the area from being claimed by the United States The act gave a claimant 160 acres 65 ha for free the only cost to the farmer being a 10 administration fee Any male farmer who was at least 21 years of age and agreed to cultivate at least 40 acres 16 ha of the land and build a permanent dwelling on it within three years qualified The population of the Canadian prairies grew rapidly in the last decade of the 19th century and the population of Saskatchewan more than quintupled from 91 000 in 1901 to 492 000 in 1911 The vast majority of these people were immigrants from Europe Early counts of Northwest Territories population tend to exclude the Indigenous citizens of the nations whose countries comprised the territory such as the Dene of Denendeh or Inuit of Inuit Nunangat The territory s population drops at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are due to its reduction in size as Yukon then Saskatchewan and Alberta were carved out of its territory and the same with Nunavut a century later Yukon s population spike at the turn of the 20th century is due to the Klondike Gold Rush when an estimated 100 000 people tried to reach the Klondike goldfields between 1896 and 1899 of whom only around 30 000 to 40 000 eventually did Generally provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada However some provinces experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline After peaking in 1891 Prince Edward Island s population started to decline every year until 1941 after which the province started growing again In Saskatchewan after a rapid population explosion at the beginning of the century that propelled the province to being the 3rd largest in the country its population declined during the Great Depression and its growth had been slow ever since From 1931 to 2016 Saskatchewan s population increased by only 19 2 percent well below the national average Newfoundland and Labrador on the other hand experienced slow but continuous growth until the 1990s when the cod fisheries collapsed and their population started to fall After the collapse of the Canadian birth rate most provinces now sustain their population with immigration from the developing world The number of new immigrants increases every year Demographic weight of provinces and territories Breakdown of Canada s population from the 2016 census by province territory The demographic weight of each province in Canada has always constituted a sensitive issue In 1840 the Durham Report recommended that Upper Canada now Ontario and Lower Canada now Quebec be united into one province The newly created Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was required to have equal representation from Canada East now Quebec and Canada West now Ontario even though the population of Canada East was considerably larger In 1840 the population of Canada East was estimated at 670 000 while the population of Canada West was estimated to be 480 000 Lord Durham had not recommended this approach and had instead proposed that the representation should be based on the respective populations of the two regions The British government rejected that recommendation and instead implemented sectional equality apparently to give the English speaking population of the new province a dominant voice in the provincial government However the 1851 census revealed that Canada West s population had surpassed Canada East s This fact fuelled demands in Canada West for the end of sectional equality and the move toward allocating seats in the legislation on the basis of population nicknamed rep by pop This was a hotly contested issue at the constitutional conferences leading up to confederation and the colonies reached a comprise in which the seats in the federal lower house House of Commons would be allocated by population and the seats in the federal upper house Senate would be allocated on the basis of three defined regions Ontario Quebec and the Maritimes that would each have 24 seats Since Confederation Ontario and Quebec have always been Canada s two most populous provinces However their combined demographic weight decreased from over 80 percent at Confederation to just over 60 percent in 2016 The Atlantic provinces also lost importance within Canada from around 20 percent at Confederation to under 7 percent today The West s importance however has only increased from insignificant levels in 1871 to over 30 percent of the country in 2016 In the first half of the 20th century the most populous western province was Saskatchewan but its population was later eclipsed by British Columbia Alberta and Manitoba The issue of the demographic weight of each province came up during the negotiations for the patriation of the Canadian Constitution and especially discussions around the amending formula of the constitution The final formula stipulates that minor changes to the constitution had to be approved by the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of 6 provinces representing at least 50 percent of the Canadian population This essentially meant that either Ontario or Quebec had to agree to any constitutional amendments that affect all provinces Quebec had managed to maintain a stable demographic weight within Canada during the first half of the 20th century due to its high birth rate However their importance began to slip as their birth rate started to fall in the 1960s Quebec wanted to make it up through immigration and for this purpose created its Ministry of Immigration in 1968 and negotiated for increased powers in this field with the federal government However new immigrants to Canada disproportionally go the Ontario British Columbia and Alberta fuelling their rise in demographic weight In response a Canada Quebec Accord was concluded in 1991 which among other things guaranteed Quebec an immigration rate proportional to its demographic weight in Canada This provision was not fulfilled as in 2005 immigration to Quebec represented only 16 5 percent of all immigration to Canada Quebec also attempted to maintain its weight within the Canadian House of Commons during the constitutional negotiations of the early 1990s Under the Charlottetown Accord in exchange for Quebec losing Senate seats under a Triple E Senate dropping from 24 to 6 Quebec was guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25 percent of the seats in the House of Commons The accord was ultimately defeated in a public referendum Provinces Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland amp Labrador Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan YukonSee alsoCanada portalInterprovincial migration in Canada List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population List of largest Canadian cities by census List of the largest cities and towns in Canada by area List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population List of the largest population centres in Canada Population of CanadaReferences Population and dwelling counts Canada provinces and territories Statistics Canada February 9 2022 Retrieved February 9 2022 Estimated population of Canada 1605 to present Statistics Canada 2009 Retrieved April 16 2010 History of the Census of Canada Statistics Canada 2006 Retrieved June 22 2010 Series A2 14 Population of Canada by province census dates 1851 to 1976 Emigration The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved March 30 2020 Belanger Damien Claude August 23 2000 French Canadian Emigration to the United States 1840 1930 Quebec History Claude Belanger Marianopolis College Archived from the original on January 25 2007 Retrieved January 31 2007 Belanger Claude Emigration to the United States from Canada and Quebec 1840 1940 Quebec History Marianopolis College Retrieved July 24 2013 Quebec denatalite et immigration www axl cefan ulaval ca Retrieved March 30 2020 Colombo s Canadian References Oxford University Press 1976 p 444 Lambrecht Kirk N 1991 The Administration of Dominion Lands 1870 1930 Dominion Lands Act The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved December 27 2018 The history of Saskatchewan s population Archived May 19 2006 at the Wayback Machine from Statistics Canada Berton Pierre 2001 Klondike The Last Great Gold Rush 1896 1899 Rev ed Toronto Anchor Canada p 396 ISBN 0 385 65844 3 OCLC 46661521 Canada Expected To Take In More Than One Million New Immigrants Between 2020 2022 Link Newspaper March 21 2020 Retrieved March 30 2020 Union Act 1840 s 12 Province of Canada 1841 67 Canadian Encyclopedia Lord Durham s Report pp 323 324 Rep by Pop The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved March 30 2020 Census profiles 2016 census Statistics Canada February 8 2017 Patriation of the Constitution The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved March 30 2020 Chapitre 2 Naissances et fecondite Le bilan demographique du Quebec Edition 2019 Quebec city Institut de la statistique du Quebec 2019 p 36 Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables Statistics Canada 2016 ICI Radio Canada ca Zone Politique November 2 2018 Il y a 50 ans le Quebec se dotait d un ministere de l Immigration Radio Canada ca in Canadian French Retrieved November 4 2018 Annual Immigration by Province Archived October 7 2006 at the Wayback Machine Citizenship and Immigration Canada URL accessed July 2 2006 Charlottetown Accord The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved March 30 2020
