Old Gallo-Romance is a Romance language spoken from around 600 to 900 AD. It evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken by the Gallo-Romans during the time of Clovis I's successors belonging to the Merovingian dynasty.
| Old Gallo-Romance | |
|---|---|
 Extract of the Oaths of Strasbourg | |
| Native to | Francia |
| Ethnicity | Gallo-Romans |
| Era | Evolved into several languages such as Old French, Old Occitan (possibly), the Gallo-Romance languages, Old Friulian, Old Romansh, and Moselle Romance. |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | Old Latin
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Characteristics
- Like other Romance languages, Old-Gallo Romance distinguished the masculine and feminine forms.
- The noun forms in Old Gallo-Romance were reduced from the Latin six to two, as shown in Old Occitan and Old French, with the nominative ending being -s.
- Old Gallo-Italic appears to have used V2 word order.
Literature
Old Gallo-Romance literature consists of a few texts, with them including the Oaths of Strasbourg (also written in Old High Frankish). Texts that precede the Oaths of Strasbourg include the Kassel and Reichenau glosses.
Sample text
The following text is Louis the German's oath in the Oaths of Strasbourg (843), which was sworn in Romance.
| Old Gallo-Romance | Modern French | English |
|---|---|---|
| Pro Deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun saluament, d'ist di en auant, in quant Deus sauir et podir me dunat, si saluarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo, et in adiudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra saluar dift, in o quid il mi altresi fazet. Et ab Ludher nul plaid nunquam prindrai qui meon uol cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit. | Pour l'amour de Dieu et pour le salut commun du peuple chrétien et le nôtre, à partir de ce jour, autant que Dieu m'en donne le savoir et le pou-voir, je soutiendrai mon frère Charles de mon aide et en toute chose, comme on doit justement soutenir son frère, à condition qu'il m'en fasse autant, et je ne prendrai jamais aucun arrangement avec Lothaire, qui, à ma vo-lonté, soit au détriment de mon dit frère Charles. | For the love of God and Christiandom and our joint salvation, from this day onward, to the best of my knowledge and abilities granted by God, I shall protect my brother Charles by any means possible, as one ought to protect one's brother, insofar as he does the same for me, and I shall never willingly enter into a pact with Lothair against the interests of my brother Charles |
References
- "Gallo-Romance". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
- Watson, Nicholas (2022-06-21). Balaam's Ass: Vernacular Theology Before the English Reformation: Volume 1: Frameworks, Arguments, English to 1250. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-8122-9834-5.
- Loporcaro, Michele (2018). Gender from Latin to Romance: History, Geography, Typology. Oxford University Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN 978-0-19-965654-7.
- Dufter, Andreas; Stark, Elisabeth (2017-09-25). Manual of Romance Morphosyntax and Syntax. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 101. ISBN 978-3-11-037708-8.
- Lema, José; Treviño, Esthela (1998-01-01). Theoretical Analyses on Romance Languages: Selected Papers from the 26th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL XXVI), Mexico City, 28-30 March, 1996. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 978-90-272-3662-3.
- Jr, Robert A. Hall (1984-01-01). Proto-Romance Morphology: Comparative Romance Grammar. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-8014-5.
- Ledgeway, Adam; Roberts, Ian (2017-03-09). The Cambridge Handbook of Historical Syntax. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-316-72058-5.
- « Moyen Âge : l'affirmation des langues vulgaires » in the Encyclopædia universalis.
- Bernard Cerquiglini, La naissance du français, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1991, Que-sais-je ? ; éd. mise à jour, 2007.
- Conference of Claude Hagège at the historical museum of Strasbourg, p. 5, (read online) Archived 2015-04-08 at the Wayback Machine
External links
- Old Gallo-Romance corpus
Old Gallo Romance is a Romance language spoken from around 600 to 900 AD It evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken by the Gallo Romans during the time of Clovis I s successors belonging to the Merovingian dynasty Old Gallo RomanceExtract of the Oaths of StrasbourgNative toFranciaEthnicityGallo RomansEraEvolved into several languages such as Old French Old Occitan possibly the Gallo Romance languages Old Friulian Old Romansh and Moselle Romance Language familyIndo European ItalicLatino FaliscanLatinRomanceItalo WesternWestern RomanceGallo IberianGallo RomanceOld Gallo RomanceEarly formsOld Latin Vulgar Latin Proto RomanceLanguage codesISO 639 3 CharacteristicsLike other Romance languages Old Gallo Romance distinguished the masculine and feminine forms The noun forms in Old Gallo Romance were reduced from the Latin six to two as shown in Old Occitan and Old French with the nominative ending being s Old Gallo Italic appears to have used V2 word order LiteratureOld Gallo Romance literature consists of a few texts with them including the Oaths of Strasbourg also written in Old High Frankish Texts that precede the Oaths of Strasbourg include the Kassel and Reichenau glosses Sample textThe following text is Louis the German s oath in the Oaths of Strasbourg 843 which was sworn in Romance Old Gallo Romance Modern French EnglishPro Deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun saluament d ist di en auant in quant Deus sauir et podir me dunat si saluarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo et in adiudha et in cadhuna cosa si cum om per dreit son fradra saluar dift in o quid il mi altresi fazet Et ab Ludher nul plaid nunquam prindrai qui meon uol cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit Pour l amour de Dieu et pour le salut commun du peuple chretien et le notre a partir de ce jour autant que Dieu m en donne le savoir et le pou voir je soutiendrai mon frere Charles de mon aide et en toute chose comme on doit justement soutenir son frere a condition qu il m en fasse autant et je ne prendrai jamais aucun arrangement avec Lothaire qui a ma vo lonte soit au detriment de mon dit frere Charles For the love of God and Christiandom and our joint salvation from this day onward to the best of my knowledge and abilities granted by God I shall protect my brother Charles by any means possible as one ought to protect one s brother insofar as he does the same for me and I shall never willingly enter into a pact with Lothair against the interests of my brother CharlesReferences Gallo Romance The Free Dictionary Retrieved 2024 06 24 Watson Nicholas 2022 06 21 Balaam s Ass Vernacular Theology Before the English Reformation Volume 1 Frameworks Arguments English to 1250 University of Pennsylvania Press p 30 ISBN 978 0 8122 9834 5 Loporcaro Michele 2018 Gender from Latin to Romance History Geography Typology Oxford University Press pp 206 207 ISBN 978 0 19 965654 7 Dufter Andreas Stark Elisabeth 2017 09 25 Manual of Romance Morphosyntax and Syntax Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co KG p 101 ISBN 978 3 11 037708 8 Lema Jose Trevino Esthela 1998 01 01 Theoretical Analyses on Romance Languages Selected Papers from the 26th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages LSRL XXVI Mexico City 28 30 March 1996 John Benjamins Publishing p 108 ISBN 978 90 272 3662 3 Jr Robert A Hall 1984 01 01 Proto Romance Morphology Comparative Romance Grammar John Benjamins Publishing ISBN 978 90 272 8014 5 Ledgeway Adam Roberts Ian 2017 03 09 The Cambridge Handbook of Historical Syntax Cambridge University Press p 64 ISBN 978 1 316 72058 5 Moyen Age l affirmation des langues vulgaires in the Encyclopaedia universalis Bernard Cerquiglini La naissance du francais Paris Presses universitaires de France 1991 Que sais je ed mise a jour 2007 Conference of Claude Hagege at the historical museum of Strasbourg p 5 read online Archived 2015 04 08 at the Wayback MachineExternal linksOld Gallo Romance corpus
