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Northwestern China (西北) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.
Northwestern China | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country |  China |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,107,900 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi) |
| Population | 103,528,786 |
| • Density | 31/km2 (80/sq mi) |
| GDP | 2022 |
| - Total | ¥7.040 trillion $1.047 trillion |
| - Per Capita | ¥68,000 $10,110 |
The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road.
Historic security considerations
Chinese dynasties from the Qin (221 BC to 207 BC) to the Qing period (1644 CE to 1911 CE) placed high priority on maintaining stability and security in the region, motivated by concerns about potential threats from the Northwest.
Security concerns have continued under modern governments. During the Republic of China period, the government was only able to exercise loose control in the Northwest. In 1933, Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic separatists declared an Islamic Republic of East Turkestan based on constitutionally-enshrined Sharia law. The short-lived separatist Islamic Republic was not recognized by any other countries and was suppressed after three months of existence.
With Soviet Union backing, separatists declared a second short-lived East Turkestan Republic in 1944 based in Yining. The Soviet Union withdrew its support in June 1946. A separatist movement drawing on the legacy of the short-lived East Turkestan Republics continues today.
Northwestern China during land reform movement
During China's land reform movement (which began after the defeat of the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War and continued in the early years of the People's Republic of China), the Communist Party encouraged rural women in achieving a "double fanshen" - a revolutionary transformation as both a peasant and a feminist awakening as a woman. The progress of Hui women in Northwestern China was promoted as by the Party as an example of such a success. Through the rural movement, Hui women were said to have not just received land, but also "freedom over their own bodies." Hui women embraced political participation and the rural revolution. The land reform movement succeeded among Hui people because activists first won over elder generations.
Industry
In the first half of the 20th century, industrial development in China's northwest was state-led.: 13
Administrative divisions
| GB | ISO No. | Province | Chinese Name | Capital | Population | Density (per km2) | Area (km2) | Abbreviation/Symbol | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shǎn (Qín) | 61 | Shaanxi Province | 陕西省 Shǎnxī Shěng | Xi'an | 39,530,000 | 190 | 205,600 | SN | 陕(秦) |
| Gān (Lǒng) | 62 | Gansu Province | 甘肃省 Gānsù Shěng | Lanzhou | 25,019,831 | 55 | 454,300 | GS | 甘(陇) |
| Qīng | 63 | Qinghai Province | 青海省 Qīnghǎi Shěng | Xining | 5,923,957 | 8.2 | 721,200 | QH | 青 |
| Níng | 64 | Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region | 宁夏回族自治区 Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū | Yinchuan | 7,202,654 | 110 | 66,400 | NX | 宁 |
| Xīn | 65 | Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region | 新疆维吾尔自治区 Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ěr Zìzhìqū | Ürümqi | 25,852,345 | 16 | 1,660,400 | XJ | 新 |
Cities with urban area over one million in population
| # | City | Urban area | District area | City proper | Prov. | Census date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Xi'an | 11,904,805 | 12,283,922 | 12,952,907 | SN | 2020 |
| 2 | Ürümqi | 3,575,000 | 4,054,369 | XJ | 2020 | |
| 3 | Lanzhou | 3,474,858 | 3,042,863 | 4,359,446 | GS | 2020 |
| 4 | Yinchuan | 1,901,793 | 1,901,793 | 2,859,074 | NX | 2020 |
| 5 | Xining | 1,954,795 | 1,954,795 | 2,467,965 | QH | 2020 |
| 6 | Baoji | 1,862,118 | 1,475,962 | 3,321,853 | SN | 2020 |
| 7 | Tianshui | 1,212,791 | 1,212,791 | 1,212,791 | GS | 2020 |
See also
- Ma clique
- Tangut
- List of regions of China
- China Western Development
References
- "Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census". National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021.
- GDP-2022 is a preliminary data "Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province" (Press release). China NBS.
- Chen, Yaning (2014-03-23). Water Resources Research in Northwest China. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-017-8017-9.
- Dillon, Michael (2013-12-16). China's Muslim Hui Community: Migration, Settlement and Sects. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80940-8.
- "Chinese Section of the Silk Road: Land routes in Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Sea Routes in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou City, Fujian Province - from Western-Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- Zhao, Huasheng (2016). "Central Asia in Chinese Strategic Thinking". The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8047-9764-1. OCLC 939553543.
- DeMare, Brian James (2019). Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-1-5036-0849-8. OCLC 1048940018.
- DeMare, Brian James (2019). Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-5036-0849-8. OCLC 1048940018.
- Hirata, Koji (2024). Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism. Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-38227-4.
- CHGIS. "Database Design". www.people.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ISO 3166-2:CN (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of China)
This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Northwestern China news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Northwestern China 西北 is a region in the People s Republic of China It consists of five provincial administrative regions namely Shaanxi Gansu Qinghai Ningxia and Xinjiang Northwestern ChinaCountry ChinaArea Total3 107 900 km2 1 200 000 sq mi Population103 528 786 Density31 km2 80 sq mi GDP2022 Total 7 040 trillion 1 047 trillion Per Capita 68 000 10 110 The region is characterized by a semi arid continental climate It has a diverse population including significant minorities such as Hui Uyghurs and Tibetans Culturally the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road Historic security considerationsChinese dynasties from the Qin 221 BC to 207 BC to the Qing period 1644 CE to 1911 CE placed high priority on maintaining stability and security in the region motivated by concerns about potential threats from the Northwest Security concerns have continued under modern governments During the Republic of China period the government was only able to exercise loose control in the Northwest In 1933 Pan Islamic and Pan Turkic separatists declared an Islamic Republic of East Turkestan based on constitutionally enshrined Sharia law The short lived separatist Islamic Republic was not recognized by any other countries and was suppressed after three months of existence With Soviet Union backing separatists declared a second short lived East Turkestan Republic in 1944 based in Yining The Soviet Union withdrew its support in June 1946 A separatist movement drawing on the legacy of the short lived East Turkestan Republics continues today Northwestern China during land reform movementDuring China s land reform movement which began after the defeat of the Japanese in the Second Sino Japanese War and continued in the early years of the People s Republic of China the Communist Party encouraged rural women in achieving a double fanshen a revolutionary transformation as both a peasant and a feminist awakening as a woman The progress of Hui women in Northwestern China was promoted as by the Party as an example of such a success Through the rural movement Hui women were said to have not just received land but also freedom over their own bodies Hui women embraced political participation and the rural revolution The land reform movement succeeded among Hui people because activists first won over elder generations IndustryIn the first half of the 20th century industrial development in China s northwest was state led 13 Administrative divisionsGB ISO No Province Chinese Name Capital Population Density per km2 Area km2 Abbreviation SymbolShǎn Qin 61 Shaanxi Province 陕西省 Shǎnxi Sheng Xi an 39 530 000 190 205 600 SN 陕 秦 Gan Lǒng 62 Gansu Province 甘肃省 Gansu Sheng Lanzhou 25 019 831 55 454 300 GS 甘 陇 Qing 63 Qinghai Province 青海省 Qinghǎi Sheng Xining 5 923 957 8 2 721 200 QH 青Ning 64 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 宁夏回族自治区 Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu Yinchuan 7 202 654 110 66 400 NX 宁Xin 65 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区 Xinjiang Weiwu er Zizhiqu Urumqi 25 852 345 16 1 660 400 XJ 新Cities with urban area over one million in population City Urban area District area City proper Prov Census date1 Xi an 11 904 805 12 283 922 12 952 907 SN 20202 Urumqi 3 575 000 4 054 369 XJ 20203 Lanzhou 3 474 858 3 042 863 4 359 446 GS 20204 Yinchuan 1 901 793 1 901 793 2 859 074 NX 20205 Xining 1 954 795 1 954 795 2 467 965 QH 20206 Baoji 1 862 118 1 475 962 3 321 853 SN 20207 Tianshui 1 212 791 1 212 791 1 212 791 GS 2020See alsoMa clique Tangut List of regions of China China Western DevelopmentReferences Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on May 11 2021 GDP 2022 is a preliminary data Home Regional Quarterly by Province Press release China NBS Chen Yaning 2014 03 23 Water Resources Research in Northwest China Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 94 017 8017 9 Dillon Michael 2013 12 16 China s Muslim Hui Community Migration Settlement and Sects Routledge ISBN 978 1 136 80940 8 Chinese Section of the Silk Road Land routes in Henan Province Shaanxi Province Gansu Province Qinghai Province Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Sea Routes in Ningbo City Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou City Fujian Province from Western Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 2021 08 23 Zhao Huasheng 2016 Central Asia in Chinese Strategic Thinking The new great game China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform Thomas Fingar Stanford California Stanford University Press p 175 ISBN 978 0 8047 9764 1 OCLC 939553543 DeMare Brian James 2019 Land wars the story of China s agrarian revolution Stanford California Stanford University Press pp 140 141 ISBN 978 1 5036 0849 8 OCLC 1048940018 DeMare Brian James 2019 Land wars the story of China s agrarian revolution Stanford California Stanford University Press p 141 ISBN 978 1 5036 0849 8 OCLC 1048940018 Hirata Koji 2024 Making Mao s Steelworks Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism Cambridge Studies in the History of the People s Republic of China series New York NY Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 009 38227 4 CHGIS Database Design www people fas harvard edu Retrieved 31 March 2018 ISO 3166 2 CN ISO 3166 2 codes for the provinces of China 36 48 00 N 95 48 00 E 36 8000 N 95 8000 E 36 8000 95 8000
