The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), formerly the International Earth Rotation Service, is the body responsible for maintaining global time and reference frame standards, notably through its Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP) and International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) groups.
 The IERS logo | |
| Abbreviation | IERS |
|---|---|
| Website | www |
History
The IERS was established in its present form in 1987 by the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, replacing the earlier International Polar Motion Service (IPMS) and the Earth rotation section of the Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH). The service began operation on January 1, 1988. Since its inception, the IERS has established new bureaus including the GPS Coordinating Centre in 1990, the DORIS Coordinating Centre in 1994 and the Global Geophysical Fluids Centre in 1998. The organization was formerly known as International Earth Rotation Service until 2003 when it formally changed its name to its present form, in which the organization chose to retain the acronym IERS.
Function
The IERS has various components located in the United States, Europe and Australia. Among its other functions, the IERS is responsible for announcing leap seconds.
The Sub-bureau for Rapid Service and Predictions of Earth Orientation Parameters of the IERS, located at the United States Naval Observatory, monitors the Earth's rotation. Part of its mission involves the determination of a time scale based on the current rate of the rotation of the Earth. Other services of IERS are at the Paris Observatory.
UT1 is the non-uniform time defined based on the Earth's rotation.
It defined the IERS Reference Meridian, the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), and subsequent International Terrestrial Reference Frames (ITRF). Related coordinate systems are used by satellite navigation systems like GPS and Galileo: WGS84 and GTRF. The definitions and relationships among ITRF, ICRF and EOP are established by IERS conventions standards. As of 2022[update], the most recent convention is the IERS Conventions (2010).
Earth orientation products
A mission of the IERS is to provide earth orientation information to the greater geodesy community in the form of bulletins:
- Bulletin A provides a rapid turnaround service for providing current EOP and a prediction model for EOP up to a year in the future. It is released weekly.
- Bulletin B provides final measurements of EOP and is released monthly.
- Bulletin C provides announcements of leap seconds.
- Bulletin D provides DUT1 = (UT1 − UTC) to a 0.1 second precision.
See also
- Astrometry
- International Atomic Time
- Coordinated Universal Time
- International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame
- Leap second
- International Celestial Reference System and its realizations
- Earth rotation, ΔT
- IERS Reference Meridian
- List of astronomical societies
References
- "IERS Conventions Centre". IERS. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- "Earth Orientation Center". Observatoire de Paris. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- "IERS Bulletins". IERS. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
Further reading
- Altamimi, Zuheir; Collilieux, Xavier (2013). Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 57. ISBN 978-3-642-32998-2.
- Gupta, Harsh (2011). Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 128. ISBN 978-90-481-8701-0.
- McCarthy, Dennis D.; Seidelmann, Kenneth P. (2009). Time: From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics. Wiley. p. 290. ISBN 978-3-527-62795-0.
External links
- Official website
- (in English, French, and Russian) Earth Orientation Center of the IERS : data and interactive analysis (Paris Observatory)
- (in English and French) IERS International Celestial Reference Frame center
The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service IERS formerly the International Earth Rotation Service is the body responsible for maintaining global time and reference frame standards notably through its Earth Orientation Parameter EOP and International Celestial Reference System ICRS groups International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems ServiceThe IERS logoAbbreviationIERSWebsitewww wbr iers wbr orgHistoryThe IERS was established in its present form in 1987 by the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics replacing the earlier International Polar Motion Service IPMS and the Earth rotation section of the Bureau International de l Heure BIH The service began operation on January 1 1988 Since its inception the IERS has established new bureaus including the GPS Coordinating Centre in 1990 the DORIS Coordinating Centre in 1994 and the Global Geophysical Fluids Centre in 1998 The organization was formerly known as International Earth Rotation Service until 2003 when it formally changed its name to its present form in which the organization chose to retain the acronym IERS FunctionThe IERS has various components located in the United States Europe and Australia Among its other functions the IERS is responsible for announcing leap seconds The Sub bureau for Rapid Service and Predictions of Earth Orientation Parameters of the IERS located at the United States Naval Observatory monitors the Earth s rotation Part of its mission involves the determination of a time scale based on the current rate of the rotation of the Earth Other services of IERS are at the Paris Observatory UT1 is the non uniform time defined based on the Earth s rotation It defined the IERS Reference Meridian the International Terrestrial Reference System ITRS and subsequent International Terrestrial Reference Frames ITRF Related coordinate systems are used by satellite navigation systems like GPS and Galileo WGS84 and GTRF The definitions and relationships among ITRF ICRF and EOP are established by IERS conventions standards As of 2022 update the most recent convention is the IERS Conventions 2010 Earth orientation productsA mission of the IERS is to provide earth orientation information to the greater geodesy community in the form of bulletins Bulletin A provides a rapid turnaround service for providing current EOP and a prediction model for EOP up to a year in the future It is released weekly Bulletin B provides final measurements of EOP and is released monthly Bulletin C provides announcements of leap seconds Bulletin D provides DUT1 UT1 UTC to a 0 1 second precision See alsoAstrometry International Atomic Time Coordinated Universal Time International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame Leap second International Celestial Reference System and its realizations Earth rotation DT IERS Reference Meridian List of astronomical societiesReferences IERS Conventions Centre IERS Retrieved 5 July 2022 Earth Orientation Center Observatoire de Paris Retrieved 2 August 2016 IERS Bulletins IERS Retrieved 5 July 2022 Further readingAltamimi Zuheir Collilieux Xavier 2013 Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences Springer Science amp Business Media p 57 ISBN 978 3 642 32998 2 Gupta Harsh 2011 Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics Springer Science amp Business Media p 128 ISBN 978 90 481 8701 0 McCarthy Dennis D Seidelmann Kenneth P 2009 Time From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics Wiley p 290 ISBN 978 3 527 62795 0 External linksOfficial website in English French and Russian Earth Orientation Center of the IERS data and interactive analysis Paris Observatory in English and French IERS International Celestial Reference Frame center Portals FranceAstronomyStarsSpaceflightOuter spaceSolar SystemEducationScience
