Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response. Criticism falls into several overlapping types including "theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective, prescriptive, or descriptive".
Criticism may also refer to an expression of disapproval of someone or something. When criticism of this nature is constructive, it can make an individual aware of gaps in their understanding and it can provide distinct routes for improvement. Research supports the notion that using feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process is very influential.
Critique vs. criticism: In French, German, or Italian, no distinction is drawn between 'critique' and 'criticism'. The two words both translate as critique, Kritik, and critica, respectively. In the English language, philosopher Gianni Vattimo suggests that criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism while critique refers to more general writing such as Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Another distinction that is sometimes made is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem and is presented in a way that encourages rebuttal or expansion of the ideas expressed. Nonetheless, the distinctions are subtle and ambiguous at best.
The term "brickbat" is sometimes used to mean "an unfavourable criticism, unkind remark or sharp put-down". The term originated in the 17th century, derived from the practice of throwing bricks as projectiles at a person who was disapproved of.
In some contexts, such as literary criticism and art criticism, the word criticism is used as a neutral word that is synonymous with evaluation.
By field
Criticism of religion
Criticism of science
Critical theory
Critical theory criticizes power structures. The critical legal studies include criticism of the distinction between political argument and legal argument (The personal is political),rule of law and separation of powers. See also criticism of Critical theory.
Postmodernism
Postmodernism criticizes rationalism and objective reality. See also criticism of postmodernism.
Criticism of criticism
Journalist and writer H. L. Mencken argued that "criticism is little more than a branch of homiletics. They judge a work of art, not by its clarity and sincerity, not by the force and charm of its ideas, not by the technical virtuosity of the artist, not by his originality and artistic courage, but simply and solely by his orthodoxy."
See also
- Controversy
- Film criticism
- Self-criticism
- Social criticism
- Theatre criticism
References
- "Criticism". Cambridge Dictionary. | the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad qualities of something or someone or the act of saying that something or someone is bad
- "Criticism". Oxford Dictionary. | "The reasoned discussion of literary works, an activity which may include some or all of the following procedures, in varying proportions: the defence of literature against moralists and censors, classification of a work according to its genre, interpretation of its meaning, analysis of its structure and style, judgement of its worth by comparison with other works, estimation of its likely effect on readers, and the establishment of general principles by which literary works can be evaluated and understood."
- Fong, Carlton J.; Warner, Jayce R.; Williams, Kyle M.; Schallert, Diane L.; Chen, Ling-Hui; Williamson, Zachary H.; Lin, Shengjie (July 2016). "Deconstructing constructive criticism: The nature of academic emotions associated with constructive, positive, and negative feedback". Learning and Individual Differences. 49: 393–399. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.05.019. ISSN 1041-6080.
- Winstone, Naomi E.; Nash, Robert A.; Parker, Michael; Rowntree, James (2017-01-02). "Supporting Learners' Agentic Engagement With Feedback: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes". Educational Psychologist. 52 (1): 17–37. doi:10.1080/00461520.2016.1207538. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30171632. ISSN 0046-1520.
- Shute, Valerie J. (2008-03-01). "Focus on Formative Feedback". Review of Educational Research. 78: 153–189. doi:10.3102/0034654307313795. hdl:20.500.12749/2996. S2CID 145188268.
- Kluger, Avraham N.; DeNisi, Angelo (March 1996). "The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory". Psychological Bulletin. 119 (2): 254–284. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254. ISSN 1939-1455.
- The Power of Feedback. 2014-06-27. doi:10.4324/9781315813875. ISBN 9781315813875.
- Brown, Gavin T.L.; Harris, Lois R.; Harnett, Jennifer (October 2012). "Teacher beliefs about feedback within an assessment for learning environment: Endorsement of improved learning over student well-being". Teaching and Teacher Education. 28 (7): 968–978. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2012.05.003. ISSN 0742-051X.
- Gianni Vattimo Postmodern criticism: postmodern critique in David Wood (1990) Writing the future, pp. 57–58
- Tharoor, Shashi (7 February 2020). "Shashi Tharoor's Word Of The Week: Brickbat". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- "brickbat". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- "Common Errors in English Usage: criticism". May 31, 2016.
- Fitzgerald, Timothy (2000). The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York: Oxford University Press (published 2003). p. 235. ISBN 978-0195347159. Retrieved 30 Apr 2019.
... this book consists mainly of a critique of the concept of religion ... .
- "Critical theory". Britannica. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- Price, David Andrew. "Taking rights cynically: a review of critical legal studies." The Cambridge Law Journal 48.2 (1989): 271-301.
- Belliotti, Raymond A. "The rule of law and the critical legal studies movement." UW Ontario L. Rev. 24 (1986): 67.
- Bryant, Ian; Johnston, Rennie; Usher, Robin (2004). Adult Education and the Postmodern Challenge: Learning Beyond the Limits. Routledge. p. 203.
- "Criticism of Criticism of Criticism". bactra.org. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
External links
- Gosse, Edmund William (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). pp. 468–470.
Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response Criticism falls into several overlapping types including theoretical practical impressionistic affective prescriptive or descriptive La Critica a 1906 self portrait by Julio Ruelas where criticism is depicted as a creature atop his head Criticism may also refer to an expression of disapproval of someone or something When criticism of this nature is constructive it can make an individual aware of gaps in their understanding and it can provide distinct routes for improvement Research supports the notion that using feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process is very influential Critique vs criticism In French German or Italian no distinction is drawn between critique and criticism The two words both translate as critique Kritik and critica respectively In the English language philosopher Gianni Vattimo suggests that criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism while critique refers to more general writing such as Kant s Critique of Pure Reason Another distinction that is sometimes made is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem and is presented in a way that encourages rebuttal or expansion of the ideas expressed Nonetheless the distinctions are subtle and ambiguous at best The term brickbat is sometimes used to mean an unfavourable criticism unkind remark or sharp put down The term originated in the 17th century derived from the practice of throwing bricks as projectiles at a person who was disapproved of In some contexts such as literary criticism and art criticism the word criticism is used as a neutral word that is synonymous with evaluation By fieldCriticism of religion These paragraphs are an excerpt from Criticism of religion edit Criticism of religion involves criticism of the validity concept or ideas of religion Historical records of criticism of religion go back to at least 5th century BCE in ancient Greece in Athens specifically with Diagoras the Atheist of Melos In ancient Rome an early known example is Lucretius De rerum natura from the 1st century BCE Criticism of science These paragraphs are an excerpt from Criticism of science edit Criticism of science addresses problems within science in order to improve science as a whole and its role in society Criticisms come from philosophy from social movements like feminism and from within science itself Critical theory Critical theory criticizes power structures The critical legal studies include criticism of the distinction between political argument and legal argument The personal is political rule of law and separation of powers See also criticism of Critical theory Postmodernism Postmodernism criticizes rationalism and objective reality See also criticism of postmodernism Criticism of criticismJournalist and writer H L Mencken argued that criticism is little more than a branch of homiletics They judge a work of art not by its clarity and sincerity not by the force and charm of its ideas not by the technical virtuosity of the artist not by his originality and artistic courage but simply and solely by his orthodoxy See alsoControversy Film criticism Self criticism Social criticism Theatre criticismReferences Criticism Cambridge Dictionary the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad qualities of something or someone or the act of saying that something or someone is bad Criticism Oxford Dictionary The reasoned discussion of literary works an activity which may include some or all of the following procedures in varying proportions the defence of literature against moralists and censors classification of a work according to its genre interpretation of its meaning analysis of its structure and style judgement of its worth by comparison with other works estimation of its likely effect on readers and the establishment of general principles by which literary works can be evaluated and understood Fong Carlton J Warner Jayce R Williams Kyle M Schallert Diane L Chen Ling Hui Williamson Zachary H Lin Shengjie July 2016 Deconstructing constructive criticism The nature of academic emotions associated with constructive positive and negative feedback Learning and Individual Differences 49 393 399 doi 10 1016 j lindif 2016 05 019 ISSN 1041 6080 Winstone Naomi E Nash Robert A Parker Michael Rowntree James 2017 01 02 Supporting Learners Agentic Engagement With Feedback A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes Educational Psychologist 52 1 17 37 doi 10 1080 00461520 2016 1207538 hdl 10536 DRO DU 30171632 ISSN 0046 1520 Shute Valerie J 2008 03 01 Focus on Formative Feedback Review of Educational Research 78 153 189 doi 10 3102 0034654307313795 hdl 20 500 12749 2996 S2CID 145188268 Kluger Avraham N DeNisi Angelo March 1996 The effects of feedback interventions on performance A historical review a meta analysis and a preliminary feedback intervention theory Psychological Bulletin 119 2 254 284 doi 10 1037 0033 2909 119 2 254 ISSN 1939 1455 The Power of Feedback 2014 06 27 doi 10 4324 9781315813875 ISBN 9781315813875 Brown Gavin T L Harris Lois R Harnett Jennifer October 2012 Teacher beliefs about feedback within an assessment for learning environment Endorsement of improved learning over student well being Teaching and Teacher Education 28 7 968 978 doi 10 1016 j tate 2012 05 003 ISSN 0742 051X Gianni Vattimo Postmodern criticism postmodern critique in David Wood 1990 Writing the future pp 57 58 Tharoor Shashi 7 February 2020 Shashi Tharoor s Word Of The Week Brickbat Hindustan Times Retrieved 16 April 2021 brickbat Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 10 February 2022 Common Errors in English Usage criticism May 31 2016 Fitzgerald Timothy 2000 The Ideology of Religious Studies New York Oxford University Press published 2003 p 235 ISBN 978 0195347159 Retrieved 30 Apr 2019 this book consists mainly of a critique of the concept of religion Critical theory Britannica Retrieved 2022 11 28 Price David Andrew Taking rights cynically a review of critical legal studies The Cambridge Law Journal 48 2 1989 271 301 Belliotti Raymond A The rule of law and the critical legal studies movement UW Ontario L Rev 24 1986 67 Bryant Ian Johnston Rennie Usher Robin 2004 Adult Education and the Postmodern Challenge Learning Beyond the Limits Routledge p 203 Criticism of Criticism of Criticism bactra org Retrieved 2022 10 25 External linksWikiquote has quotations related to Criticism Look up critic critical or critique in Wiktionary the free dictionary Gosse Edmund William 1911 Criticism Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed pp 468 470
