The Athens metropolitan area (Greek: Μητροπολιτική Περιοχή της Αθήνας) spans 2,928.717 km2 (1,131 sq mi) within the Attica region and consists of 58 municipalities plus areas of East Attica and West Attica, having reached a population of 3,638,281 according to the 2021 census. Municipalities of Athens and Piraeus both serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens metropolitan area.
Athens metropolitan area | |
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| Coordinates: 37°59′03″N 23°43′41″E / 37.98417°N 23.72806°E | |
| Geographic region | Central Greece |
| Administrative region | Attica |
| Area | |
| • Metro | 2,929 km2 (1,131 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 1,413 m (4,636 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| • Metro | 3,638,281 |
| • Metro density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Telephone | 21 |
| Vehicle registration | Yxx, Zxx, Ixx |
| Major airport(s) | Athens International Airport |
According to the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission, the Athens metropolitan area consists of all areas with a dialing code of 21 and includes areas such as Salamina, Elefsina, Kifissia, Mandra, Aspropyrgos, Pallini, Agios Stefanos, Dionysos, Koropi, Vari, Vouliagmeni, Voula, Dafni, Chalandri and the Athens International Airport.
Administration
The Athens Urban Area, also known as Greater Athens, consists of 40 municipalities, 35 of which make up what was referred to as the former Athens Prefecture municipalities, located within 4 regional units (North Athens, West Athens, Central Athens, South Athens); and a further 5 municipalities, which make up the former Piraeus Prefecture municipalities, located within the regional unit of Piraeus. The Athens Municipality forms the core and centre of Greater Athens, which in turn consists of the Athens Municipality and 40 more municipalities, divided in four regional units, accounting for 2,611,713 people (in 2021) within an area of 361 km2 (139 sq mi). The regional units of Central, North, South, and West Athens, Piraeus and parts of East and West Attica regional units combined make up the continuous Athens Urban Area.
Climate
Due to its large area metropolitan Athens has a variety of climates. The largest part of the Athens metropolitan area has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), while some areas of the Athens Riviera, some areas of the Thriasio Plain and some areas in the west have a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh). According to the meteorological stations of the National Observatory of Athens and the Hellenic National Meteorological Service areas in the north have wetter and colder winters. Dionysos has a January average high of around 9°C and an average low of 4°C, while Parnitha mountain has a January average high of around 4°C and an average low below 0°C. Areas in the south have very mild winters with Nea Smyrni recording a January average high close to 15°C and an average low of around 9°C.
The highest summer maximum temperatures are recorded in the interior of the Athens Basin and also in west areas with Nea Filadelfeia, Harokopio University and Salamina registering July mean maximum temperatures as high as 35.7°C. Due to land breezes, summer nights can be particularly hot in the south and especially around Piraeus which records an average August low of around 27°C. The highest average annual temperatures are recorded in Nea Smyrni registering around 20.5°C, while the lowest is recorded in Parnitha mountain with less than 11.0°C.Neos Kosmos is the warmest area of Downtown Athens with an average annual temperature of 20.2°C and a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh) closely bordering a hot-summer mediterranean (Csa) climate. During July 2024 minimum temperatures remained over 30 °C (86 °F) for 12 consecutive days in metropolitan Athens, breaking all known records for any area in the country.
The lowest average annual precipitation in metropolitan Athens is recorded in Piraeus Kallipoli with 304 mm, while the highest average annual precipitation is recorded in Parnitha mountain with around 720 mm. The highest temperature ever recorded in the Athens metropolitan area was 48.0°C in Elefsina and Tatoi on July 10, 1977 which according to the World Meteorological Organization was also the highest official temperature ever recorded in Europe until 2021. The lowest temperature ever recorded was -12.0°C in Parnitha mountain on January 9, 2017. The highest minimum temperature of 32.9 °C (91 °F) was recorded on July 26, 2023 in Hellinikon. Furthermore, Metropolitan Athens has experienced temperatures of 47.5°C and over in four different locations.
Regarding the whole of the Attica peninsula, the lowest average annual precipitation is found in Anavysos, Athens Riviera with around 295 mm, while the highest average annual precipitation is found in Avlonas with around 930 mm.Lavrio is the only area in Attica that has never recorded an air frost according to the National Observatory of Athens station which operates since 2008.
| Climate data for Downtown Athens (1991–2020), Extremes (1890–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.3 (77.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 32.2 (90.0) | 37.6 (99.7) | 44.8 (112.6) | 42.8 (109.0) | 43.9 (111.0) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 30.5 (86.9) | 23.1 (73.6) | 44.8 (112.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 31.6 (88.9) | 34.3 (93.7) | 34.3 (93.7) | 29.6 (85.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 15.6 (60.1) | 11.6 (52.9) | 19.2 (66.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 7.3 (45.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 12.2 (54.0) | 8.7 (47.7) | 15.0 (59.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) | −5.7 (21.7) | −2.6 (27.3) | 1.7 (35.1) | 6.2 (43.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16 (61) | 15.5 (59.9) | 8.9 (48.0) | 5.9 (42.6) | −1.1 (30.0) | −4.0 (24.8) | −6.5 (20.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 55.6 (2.19) | 44.4 (1.75) | 45.6 (1.80) | 27.6 (1.09) | 20.7 (0.81) | 11.6 (0.46) | 10.7 (0.42) | 5.4 (0.21) | 25.8 (1.02) | 38.6 (1.52) | 70.8 (2.79) | 76.3 (3.00) | 433.1 (17.06) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72.0 | 70.0 | 66.0 | 60.0 | 56.0 | 50.0 | 42.0 | 47.0 | 57.0 | 66.0 | 72.0 | 73.0 | 60.9 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Source 1: Cosmos, scientific magazine of the National Observatory of Athens | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteoclub | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Piraeus Hellenic National Meteorological Service (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.9 (85.8) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.9 (91.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.9 (66.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 22.81 (73.06) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) | 11.2 (52.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 12.6 (54.7) | 19.35 (66.83) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) | 7.9 (46.2) | 10.0 (50.0) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 17.4 (63.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 15.89 (60.60) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 41.95 (1.65) | 36.26 (1.43) | 34.09 (1.34) | 30.34 (1.19) | 15.95 (0.63) | 5.08 (0.20) | 5.56 (0.22) | 3.07 (0.12) | 11.37 (0.45) | 30.5 (1.20) | 58.87 (2.32) | 58.84 (2.32) | 331.9 (13.07) |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Athens metropolitan area (Record Highs) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.8 (78.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 33.2 (91.8) | 40.6 (105.1) | 47.5 (117.5) | 48.0 (118.4) | 45.3 (113.5) | 41.6 (106.9) | 38.4 (101.1) | 31.6 (88.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 48.0 (118.4) |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Attica (Record Highs) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 33.4 (92.1) | 40.6 (105.1) | 47.5 (117.5) | 48.0 (118.4) | 46.2 (115.2) | 41.6 (106.9) | 38.4 (101.1) | 32.2 (90.0) | 25.8 (78.4) | 48.0 (118.4) |
| Source: | |||||||||||||
References
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The Athens metropolitan area Greek Mhtropolitikh Perioxh ths A8hnas spans 2 928 717 km2 1 131 sq mi within the Attica region and consists of 58 municipalities plus areas of East Attica and West Attica having reached a population of 3 638 281 according to the 2021 census Municipalities of Athens and Piraeus both serve as the two metropolitan centres of the Athens metropolitan area Athens metropolitan areaCoordinates 37 59 03 N 23 43 41 E 37 98417 N 23 72806 E 37 98417 23 72806Geographic regionCentral GreeceAdministrative regionAtticaArea Metro2 929 km2 1 131 sq mi Highest elevation1 413 m 4 636 ft Lowest elevation0 m 0 ft Population 2021 Metro3 638 281 Metro density1 200 km2 3 200 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Telephone21Vehicle registrationYxx Zxx IxxMajor airport s Athens International Airport According to the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission the Athens metropolitan area consists of all areas with a dialing code of 21 and includes areas such as Salamina Elefsina Kifissia Mandra Aspropyrgos Pallini Agios Stefanos Dionysos Koropi Vari Vouliagmeni Voula Dafni Chalandri and the Athens International Airport AdministrationThe Athens Urban Area also known as Greater Athens consists of 40 municipalities 35 of which make up what was referred to as the former Athens Prefecture municipalities located within 4 regional units North Athens West Athens Central Athens South Athens and a further 5 municipalities which make up the former Piraeus Prefecture municipalities located within the regional unit of Piraeus The Athens Municipality forms the core and centre of Greater Athens which in turn consists of the Athens Municipality and 40 more municipalities divided in four regional units accounting for 2 611 713 people in 2021 within an area of 361 km2 139 sq mi The regional units of Central North South and West Athens Piraeus and parts of East and West Attica regional units combined make up the continuous Athens Urban Area ClimateDue to its large area metropolitan Athens has a variety of climates The largest part of the Athens metropolitan area has a hot summer Mediterranean climate Koppen climate classification Csa while some areas of the Athens Riviera some areas of the Thriasio Plain and some areas in the west have a hot semi arid climate Koppen climate classification BSh According to the meteorological stations of the National Observatory of Athens and the Hellenic National Meteorological Service areas in the north have wetter and colder winters Dionysos has a January average high of around 9 C and an average low of 4 C while Parnitha mountain has a January average high of around 4 C and an average low below 0 C Areas in the south have very mild winters with Nea Smyrni recording a January average high close to 15 C and an average low of around 9 C The highest summer maximum temperatures are recorded in the interior of the Athens Basin and also in west areas with Nea Filadelfeia Harokopio University and Salamina registering July mean maximum temperatures as high as 35 7 C Due to land breezes summer nights can be particularly hot in the south and especially around Piraeus which records an average August low of around 27 C The highest average annual temperatures are recorded in Nea Smyrni registering around 20 5 C while the lowest is recorded in Parnitha mountain with less than 11 0 C Neos Kosmos is the warmest area of Downtown Athens with an average annual temperature of 20 2 C and a hot semi arid climate Koppen climate classification BSh closely bordering a hot summer mediterranean Csa climate During July 2024 minimum temperatures remained over 30 C 86 F for 12 consecutive days in metropolitan Athens breaking all known records for any area in the country The lowest average annual precipitation in metropolitan Athens is recorded in Piraeus Kallipoli with 304 mm while the highest average annual precipitation is recorded in Parnitha mountain with around 720 mm The highest temperature ever recorded in the Athens metropolitan area was 48 0 C in Elefsina and Tatoi on July 10 1977 which according to the World Meteorological Organization was also the highest official temperature ever recorded in Europe until 2021 The lowest temperature ever recorded was 12 0 C in Parnitha mountain on January 9 2017 The highest minimum temperature of 32 9 C 91 F was recorded on July 26 2023 in Hellinikon Furthermore Metropolitan Athens has experienced temperatures of 47 5 C and over in four different locations Regarding the whole of the Attica peninsula the lowest average annual precipitation is found in Anavysos Athens Riviera with around 295 mm while the highest average annual precipitation is found in Avlonas with around 930 mm Lavrio is the only area in Attica that has never recorded an air frost according to the National Observatory of Athens station which operates since 2008 Climate data for Downtown Athens 1991 2020 Extremes 1890 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 22 8 73 0 25 3 77 5 28 2 82 8 32 2 90 0 37 6 99 7 44 8 112 6 42 8 109 0 43 9 111 0 38 7 101 7 36 5 97 7 30 5 86 9 23 1 73 6 44 8 112 6 Mean daily maximum C F 13 3 55 9 14 2 57 6 17 0 62 6 21 1 70 0 26 5 79 7 31 6 88 9 34 3 93 7 34 3 93 7 29 6 85 3 24 4 75 9 18 9 66 0 14 4 57 9 23 3 73 9 Daily mean C F 10 2 50 4 10 8 51 4 13 1 55 6 16 7 62 1 21 8 71 2 26 6 79 9 29 3 84 7 29 4 84 9 25 0 77 0 20 3 68 5 15 6 60 1 11 6 52 9 19 2 66 6 Mean daily minimum C F 7 1 44 8 7 3 45 1 9 2 48 6 12 3 54 1 17 0 62 6 21 6 70 9 24 2 75 6 24 4 75 9 20 4 68 7 16 2 61 2 12 2 54 0 8 7 47 7 15 0 59 0 Record low C F 6 5 20 3 5 7 21 7 2 6 27 3 1 7 35 1 6 2 43 2 11 8 53 2 16 61 15 5 59 9 8 9 48 0 5 9 42 6 1 1 30 0 4 0 24 8 6 5 20 3 Average rainfall mm inches 55 6 2 19 44 4 1 75 45 6 1 80 27 6 1 09 20 7 0 81 11 6 0 46 10 7 0 42 5 4 0 21 25 8 1 02 38 6 1 52 70 8 2 79 76 3 3 00 433 1 17 06 Average relative humidity 72 0 70 0 66 0 60 0 56 0 50 0 42 0 47 0 57 0 66 0 72 0 73 0 60 9Average ultraviolet index 2 3 5 7 9 10 10 9 6 4 2 2 6Source 1 Cosmos scientific magazine of the National Observatory of AthensSource 2 Meteoclub Climate data for Piraeus Hellenic National Meteorological Service 1981 2010 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearMean daily maximum C F 14 1 57 4 14 4 57 9 16 6 61 9 20 3 68 5 25 1 77 2 29 9 85 8 32 8 91 0 32 9 91 2 29 1 84 4 24 2 75 6 18 9 66 0 15 4 59 7 22 81 73 06 Daily mean C F 11 1 52 0 11 2 52 2 13 3 55 9 16 9 62 4 21 4 70 5 26 3 79 3 29 0 84 2 28 8 83 8 25 2 77 4 20 6 69 1 15 8 60 4 12 6 54 7 19 35 66 83 Mean daily minimum C F 8 2 46 8 7 9 46 2 10 0 50 0 13 4 56 1 17 7 63 9 22 2 72 0 24 8 76 6 25 0 77 0 21 5 70 7 17 4 63 3 12 9 55 2 9 7 49 5 15 89 60 60 Average rainfall mm inches 41 95 1 65 36 26 1 43 34 09 1 34 30 34 1 19 15 95 0 63 5 08 0 20 5 56 0 22 3 07 0 12 11 37 0 45 30 5 1 20 58 87 2 32 58 84 2 32 331 9 13 07 Source Climate data for Athens metropolitan area Record Highs Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 25 9 78 6 25 8 78 4 30 3 86 5 33 2 91 8 40 6 105 1 47 5 117 5 48 0 118 4 45 3 113 5 41 6 106 9 38 4 101 1 31 6 88 9 25 0 77 0 48 0 118 4 Source Climate data for Attica Record Highs Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 25 9 78 6 25 9 78 6 30 3 86 5 33 4 92 1 40 6 105 1 47 5 117 5 48 0 118 4 46 2 115 2 41 6 106 9 38 4 101 1 32 2 90 0 25 8 78 4 48 0 118 4 Source References Census 2021 Retrieved 3 January 2023 Monimos Plh8ysmos ELSTAT www statistics gr Retrieved 2023 06 10 MASTER PLAN FOR ATHENS AND ATTICA 2021 pg 13 24 27 33 36 89 Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Keimeno hmosias iaboyleyshs sxetika me to e8niko sxe io ari8mo othshs PDF National Telecommunications and Postal Commission May 2006 archived PDF from the original on 24 Jan 2022 Kwdikoi thlefwnwn ana perioxh sthn Ellada Ma8ete ta panta 25 January 2021 Archived from the original on 2023 01 02 image1 www publicissue gr August 2010 Retrieved October 29 2024 MHTROPOLITIKH A8HNA PDF www ita org gr Retrieved October 29 2024 Greater Athens Greece Municipalities Population Statistics Charts and Map citypopulation de Archived from the original on 3 May 2020 Retrieved 2020 05 24 Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece 2001 page 38 National Statistical Service of Greece PDF Archived PDF from the original on 1 July 2019 Retrieved 26 August 2019 Attikh EraNET in Greek Archived from the original on 29 June 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Monthly Statistical Bulletin Monthly Statistical Bulletin December 2012 Hellenic Statistical Authority page 64 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 13 July 2020 Retrieved 29 August 2019 Statistical Yearbook of Greece 2001 page 72 National Statistical Service of Greece PDF Archived PDF from the original on 1 July 2019 Retrieved 8 August 2019 Monthly Bulletins National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Dionysos NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Parnitha NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Nea Smyrni NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 30 year period summer statistics of Nea Filadelfeia Meteoclub Retrieved 28 January 2018 Salamina NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Piraeus NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Parnitha NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Latest Conditions in Nea Smyrni Athens Piraeus 12 consecutive days over 30C minimums Archived from the original on 2024 07 21 Retrieved 22 July 2024 Pireas Port 12 consecutive days minimum T over 30 0C Archived from the original on 2024 08 31 Retrieved 29 September 2024 Parnitha NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Latest Conditions in Piraeus World Meteorological Organization s World Weather amp Climate Extremes Archive wmo asu edu Archived from the original on 4 August 2022 Parnitha record low National Observatory of Athens Archived from the original on 2018 07 24 Retrieved 9 April 2023 HNMS Archived from the original on 2023 07 27 Retrieved 9 May 2024 Anavysos NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 Lavrio NOA station National Observatory of Athens Retrieved 9 April 2023 To neo klima ths A8hnas Periodos 1991 2020 National Observatory of Athens Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 3 July 2021 To klima ths A8hnas www meteoclub gr Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 3 July 2021 To arxeio toy 8hseioy www meteoclub gr Archived from the original on 4 May 2016 Retrieved 1 May 2016 Piraeus Urban Planning 1 PDF in Greek Pagkrati amp Millioni 2017 NTUA Archived from the original PDF on 2019 03 07 Retrieved 30 Sep 2019 HNMS PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 19 Retrieved 11 October 2024 NTUA Retrieved 11 October 2024 NOA Retrieved 11 October 2024 HNMS PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 19 Retrieved 11 October 2024 NTUA Retrieved 11 October 2024 NOA Retrieved 11 October 2024 46 2C Avlonas Archived from the original on 2023 07 26 Retrieved 27 April 2024
