This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2022) |
Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a person's behavior (and personal factors, such as cognitive skills or attitudes) can impact the environment.[page needed]
Bandura was able to show this when he created the Bandura's Box experiment. As an example, Bandura's reciprocal determinism could occur when a child is acting out in school. The child doesn't like going to school; therefore, they act out in class. This results in teachers and administrators of the school disliking having the child around. When confronted by the situation, the child admits they hate school and other peers don't like them. This results in the child acting inappropriately, forcing the administrators who dislike having them around to create a more restrictive environment for children of this stature. Each behavioral and environmental factor coincides with the child and so forth resulting in a continuous battle on all three levels.[citation needed]
Reciprocal determinism is the idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual, through cognitive processes, and by the environment, through external social stimulus events. The basis of reciprocal determinism should transform individual behavior by allowing subjective thought processes transparency when contrasted with cognitive, environmental, and external social stimulus events.[citation needed]
Actions do not go one way or the other, as it is affected by repercussions, meaning one's behavior is complicated and can't be thought of as individual and environmental means. Behavior consist of environmental and individual parts that interlink together to function. Many studies showed reciprocal associations between people and their environments over time.
Research
Research conducted in this field include the study of doctor-patient relationships where one group of patients are termed 'physician-reliant' and the other group 'self-reliant'. The physician-reliant patients tend to be more passive in their decision making and rely on their physicians to make their choices for them. Self-reliant patients take a more active role in deciding which health options would better suit them.
Mathematics
Another relevant research is regarding the reciprocal determinism of self-efficacy and mathematical performance. It shows that reciprocal determinism may not be the appropriate model in all cultures but does take place in most. Self-efficacy is a conceptualized assessment of the person's competence to perform a specific task. Self-efficacy results from success or failures that arise in attempts to learn a task. Self-efficacy, measure by a personal confidence level before each question, and the mathematical scores were obtained in 41 countries for the study by Kitty and Trevor Williams. The reciprocal determinism of mathematics self-efficacy and achievement was found in 26 of the 30 nations. They suggest that this might be a fundamental psychological process that takes place across national boundaries. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is defined as a person's belief in their capability to accomplish a certain task. Another study looked at the relationship of self-efficacy and job culture with job satisfaction among athletic trainers. The study used Bandura's triadic reciprocal causation model as a template to label job satisfaction as the behavioural factor, self-efficacy as the personal factor, and job culture as the environmental factor.
Triadic reciprocal causation
Triadic reciprocal causation is a term introduced by Albert Bandura to refer to the mutual influence between three sets of factors:
Interaction of genes and environment
Behavioral genetics is a relatively new field of study attempting to make sense of both genetic and environmental contributions to individual variations in human behavior. Genes can be turned on and off. Multiple genes are factors in forming behavior traits.[citation needed]
Aggression in abused boys
Researchers believe there is a genetic link to impulsive aggression through the impact of a gene on the production of an enzyme called Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). The MAOA gene reduces the production of MAOA, leading to increased incidents of impulsive aggression. A 26-year study in New Zealand found strong correlation between experience of childhood abuse and criminal or violent behavior in males with the MAOA gene. In that study, impulsive aggression was found to be nine times more likely to manifest in males with the gene who were abused than in abused males without the gene or males with the gene who had not been abused.
See also
- Individual differences psychology
- Field theory (psychology)
References
- Bandura, Albert (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-815614-5.
- Akoul, Gregory M (29 October 2010). "Perpetuating Passivity: Reliance and Reciprocal Determinism in Physician-Patient Interaction". Journal of Health Communication. 3 (3): 233–259. doi:10.1080/108107398127355. PMID 10977257.
- Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Riese, Harriëtte; Sanderman, Robbert; Ormel, Johan (2014). "Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences: A five-wave, 16-year study to test reciprocal causation". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 107 (4): 751–764. doi:10.1037/a0037009. PMID 25111305.
- Laceulle, O. M.; Jeronimus, B. F.; van Aken, M. A. G.; Ormel, J. (March 2015). "Why Not Everyone Gets Their Fair Share of Stress: Adolescent's Perceived Relationship Affection Mediates Associations Between Temperament and Subsequent Stressful Social Events". European Journal of Personality. 29 (2): 125–137. doi:10.1002/per.1989. S2CID 143383270.
- Williams, Trevor; Williams, Kitty (May 2010). "Self-efficacy and performance in mathematics: Reciprocal determinism in 33 nations". Journal of Educational Psychology. 102 (2): 453–466. doi:10.1037/a0017271.
- Gamber, Jamie (15 August 2005). The Relationship of Self Efficacy and Job Culture to Job Satisfaction Among Certified Athletic Trainers (Thesis). hdl:10415/730. ProQuest 305027215.
- Psychology: An International Perspective by Michael W. Eysenck, p. 473.
- Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Buckholtz, Joshua W.; Kolachana, Bhaskar; R. Hariri, Ahmad; Pezawas, Lukas; Blasi, Giuseppe; Wabnitz, Ashley; Honea, Robyn; Verchinski, Beth; Callicott, Joseph H.; Egan, Michael; Mattay, Venkata; Weinberger, Daniel R. (18 April 2006). "Neural mechanisms of genetic risk for impulsivity and violence in humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (16): 6269–6274. doi:10.1073/pnas.0511311103. PMC 1458867. PMID 16569698.
- Cosgrove-Mather, Bootie (1 August 2002). "Study: Abuse And Genetics = Aggression". CBS News. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
Further reading
This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Reciprocal determinism news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this message Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual s behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences At the same time he asserts that a person s behavior and personal factors such as cognitive skills or attitudes can impact the environment page needed Bandura was able to show this when he created the Bandura s Box experiment As an example Bandura s reciprocal determinism could occur when a child is acting out in school The child doesn t like going to school therefore they act out in class This results in teachers and administrators of the school disliking having the child around When confronted by the situation the child admits they hate school and other peers don t like them This results in the child acting inappropriately forcing the administrators who dislike having them around to create a more restrictive environment for children of this stature Each behavioral and environmental factor coincides with the child and so forth resulting in a continuous battle on all three levels citation needed Reciprocal determinism is the idea that behavior is controlled or determined by the individual through cognitive processes and by the environment through external social stimulus events The basis of reciprocal determinism should transform individual behavior by allowing subjective thought processes transparency when contrasted with cognitive environmental and external social stimulus events citation needed Actions do not go one way or the other as it is affected by repercussions meaning one s behavior is complicated and can t be thought of as individual and environmental means Behavior consist of environmental and individual parts that interlink together to function Many studies showed reciprocal associations between people and their environments over time ResearchResearch conducted in this field include the study of doctor patient relationships where one group of patients are termed physician reliant and the other group self reliant The physician reliant patients tend to be more passive in their decision making and rely on their physicians to make their choices for them Self reliant patients take a more active role in deciding which health options would better suit them Mathematics Another relevant research is regarding the reciprocal determinism of self efficacy and mathematical performance It shows that reciprocal determinism may not be the appropriate model in all cultures but does take place in most Self efficacy is a conceptualized assessment of the person s competence to perform a specific task Self efficacy results from success or failures that arise in attempts to learn a task Self efficacy measure by a personal confidence level before each question and the mathematical scores were obtained in 41 countries for the study by Kitty and Trevor Williams The reciprocal determinism of mathematics self efficacy and achievement was found in 26 of the 30 nations They suggest that this might be a fundamental psychological process that takes place across national boundaries According to Albert Bandura self efficacy is defined as a person s belief in their capability to accomplish a certain task Another study looked at the relationship of self efficacy and job culture with job satisfaction among athletic trainers The study used Bandura s triadic reciprocal causation model as a template to label job satisfaction as the behavioural factor self efficacy as the personal factor and job culture as the environmental factor Triadic reciprocal causationTriadic reciprocal causation is a term introduced by Albert Bandura to refer to the mutual influence between three sets of factors personal factors e g cognitive affective and biological events the environment behaviorInteraction of genes and environmentBehavioral genetics is a relatively new field of study attempting to make sense of both genetic and environmental contributions to individual variations in human behavior Genes can be turned on and off Multiple genes are factors in forming behavior traits citation needed Aggression in abused boys Researchers believe there is a genetic link to impulsive aggression through the impact of a gene on the production of an enzyme called Monoamine oxidase A MAOA The MAOA gene reduces the production of MAOA leading to increased incidents of impulsive aggression A 26 year study in New Zealand found strong correlation between experience of childhood abuse and criminal or violent behavior in males with the MAOA gene In that study impulsive aggression was found to be nine times more likely to manifest in males with the gene who were abused than in abused males without the gene or males with the gene who had not been abused See alsoIndividual differences psychology Field theory psychology ReferencesBandura Albert 1986 Social Foundations of Thought and Action A Social Cognitive Theory Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 815614 5 Akoul Gregory M 29 October 2010 Perpetuating Passivity Reliance and Reciprocal Determinism in Physician Patient Interaction Journal of Health Communication 3 3 233 259 doi 10 1080 108107398127355 PMID 10977257 Jeronimus Bertus F Riese Harriette Sanderman Robbert Ormel Johan 2014 Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences A five wave 16 year study to test reciprocal causation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107 4 751 764 doi 10 1037 a0037009 PMID 25111305 Laceulle O M Jeronimus B F van Aken M A G Ormel J March 2015 Why Not Everyone Gets Their Fair Share of Stress Adolescent s Perceived Relationship Affection Mediates Associations Between Temperament and Subsequent Stressful Social Events European Journal of Personality 29 2 125 137 doi 10 1002 per 1989 S2CID 143383270 Williams Trevor Williams Kitty May 2010 Self efficacy and performance in mathematics Reciprocal determinism in 33 nations Journal of Educational Psychology 102 2 453 466 doi 10 1037 a0017271 Gamber Jamie 15 August 2005 The Relationship of Self Efficacy and Job Culture to Job Satisfaction Among Certified Athletic Trainers Thesis hdl 10415 730 ProQuest 305027215 Psychology An International Perspective by Michael W Eysenck p 473 Meyer Lindenberg Andreas Buckholtz Joshua W Kolachana Bhaskar R Hariri Ahmad Pezawas Lukas Blasi Giuseppe Wabnitz Ashley Honea Robyn Verchinski Beth Callicott Joseph H Egan Michael Mattay Venkata Weinberger Daniel R 18 April 2006 Neural mechanisms of genetic risk for impulsivity and violence in humans Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 16 6269 6274 doi 10 1073 pnas 0511311103 PMC 1458867 PMID 16569698 Cosgrove Mather Bootie 1 August 2002 Study Abuse And Genetics Aggression CBS News Retrieved 17 February 2020 Further readingSiegel Larry J Welsh Brandon C 2014 Juvenile Delinquency Theory Practice and Law Cengage Learning ISBN 978 1 285 97470 5 Harris Judith Rich 1999 The Nurture Assumption Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 0 684 85707 7
