![Provinces of Belgium](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWQud2lraW1lZGlhLm9yZy93aWtpcGVkaWEvY29tbW9ucy90aHVtYi85LzkyL0ZsYWdfb2ZfQmVsZ2l1bV8lMjhjaXZpbCUyOS5zdmcvMTYwMHB4LUZsYWdfb2ZfQmVsZ2l1bV8lMjhjaXZpbCUyOS5zdmcucG5n.png )
The Kingdom of Belgium is divided into three regions. Two of these regions, Flanders and Wallonia, are each subdivided into five provinces. The third region, Brussels, does not belong to any province, nor is it subdivided into provinces. Instead, it has amalgamated both regional and provincial functions into a single "Capital Region" administration.
Provinces of Belgium Provincies van België (Dutch) Provinces de Belgique (French) Provinzen Belgiens (German) | |
---|---|
Category | Decentralised unit in a federal state |
Location | |
Number | 10 provinces |
Populations | 295,146 (Luxembourg) – 1,926,522 (Antwerp) |
Areas | 1,097 km2 (424 sq mi) (Walloon Brabant) – 4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi) (Luxembourg) |
Government | |
Subdivisions |
|
Most of the provinces take their name from earlier duchies and counties of similar location, while their territory is mostly based on the departments installed during French annexation. At the time of the creation of Belgium in 1830, only nine provinces existed, including the province of Brabant, which held the City of Brussels. In 1995, Brabant was split into three areas: Flemish Brabant, which became a part of the region of Flanders; Walloon Brabant, which became part of the region of Wallonia; and the Brussels-Capital Region, which became a third region. These divisions reflected political tensions between the French-speaking Walloons and the Dutch-speaking Flemish; the Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual.
The division into provinces is fixed by Article 5 of the Belgian Constitution. The provinces and Brussels are subdivided into 43 administrative arrondissements, and further into 581 municipalities.
List
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpODVMems1TDFCdmNIVnNZWFJwYjI1ZlpHVnVjMmwwZVY5dlpsOUNaV3huYVhWdFgzQnliM1pwYm1ObGN5NXdibWN2TkRBd2NIZ3RVRzl3ZFd4aGRHbHZibDlrWlc1emFYUjVYMjltWDBKbGJHZHBkVzFmY0hKdmRtbHVZMlZ6TG5CdVp3PT0ucG5n.png)
Flag | Arms | Province | Dutch name | French name | German name | Capital | Governor | Area | Population (1 January 2024) | Density | Postal codes | HASC | FIPS | ISO 3166-2:BE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flanders | |||||||||||||||
![]() | ![]() | Antwerp | Antwerpen | Anvers | Antwerpen | Antwerp | Cathy Berx | Since 2008 | 2,876 km2 (1,110 sq mi) | 1,926,522 | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) | 2000–2999 | BE.AN | BE01 | VAN |
![]() | ![]() | East Flanders | Oost-Vlaanderen | Flandre orientale | Ostflandern | Ghent | Since 2013 | 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi) | 1,572,002 | 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi) | 9000–9999 | BE.OV | BE08 | VOV | |
![]() | ![]() | Flemish Brabant | Vlaams-Brabant | Brabant flamand | Flämisch-Brabant | Leuven | Jan Spooren | Since 2020 | 2,118 km2 (818 sq mi) | 1,196,773 | 570/km2 (1,500/sq mi) | 1500–1999, 3000–3499 | BE.VB | BE12 | VBR |
![]() | ![]() | Limburg | Limburg | Limbourg | Limburg | Hasselt | Herman Reynders | Since 2009 | 2,427 km2 (937 sq mi) | 900,098 | 370/km2 (960/sq mi) | 3500–3999 | BE.LI | BE05 | VLI |
![]() | ![]() | West Flanders | West-Vlaanderen | Flandre occidentale | Westflandern | Bruges | Carl Decaluwé | Since 2012 | 3,197 km2 (1,234 sq mi) | 1,226,375 | 380/km2 (980/sq mi) | 8000–8999 | BE.WV | BE09 | VWV |
Wallonia | |||||||||||||||
![]() | ![]() | Hainaut | Henegouwen | Hainaut | Hennegau | Mons | Tommy Leclercq | Since 2013 | 3,813 km2 (1,472 sq mi) | 1,360,074 | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) | 7000–7999 (West), 6000–6999 (East, shared with Luxembourg) | BE.HT | BE03 | WHT |
![]() | ![]() | Liège | Luik | Liège | Lüttich | Liège | Hervé Jamar | Since 2015 | 3,857 km2 (1,489 sq mi) | 1,119,038 | 290/km2 (750/sq mi) | 4000–4999 | BE.LG | BE04 | WLG |
![]() | ![]() | Luxembourg | Luxemburg | Luxembourg | Luxemburg | Arlon | Since 2016 | 4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi) | 295,146 | 66/km2 (170/sq mi) | 6000–6999 (shared with Eastern Hainaut) | BE.LX | BE06 | WLX | |
![]() | ![]() | Namur | Namen | Namur | Namür | Namur | Since 2007 | 3,675 km2 (1,419 sq mi) | 503,895 | 140/km2 (360/sq mi) | 5000–5999 | BE.NA | BE07 | WNA | |
![]() | ![]() | Walloon Brabant | Waals-Brabant | Brabant wallon | Wallonisch-Brabant | Wavre | Since 2015 | 1,097 km2 (424 sq mi) | 414,130 | 380/km2 (980/sq mi) | 1300–1499 | BE.BW | BE10 | WBR | |
Brussels | |||||||||||||||
![]() | ![]() | Brussels Capital Region | Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest | Région de Bruxelles-Capitale | Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt | Brussels City | Rudi Vervoort | Since 2013 | 162 km2 (63 sq mi) | 1,249,597 | 7,700/km2 (20,000/sq mi) | 1000–1299 | BE.BR | BE02 | BBR |
Total | België | Belgique | Belgien | Brussels City | 30,689 km2 (11,849 sq mi) | 11,763,650 | 383/km2 (990/sq mi) |
History
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpODFMelUwTDAxaGNGOXZabDkwYUdWZlNHRmljMkoxY21kZlRtVjBhR1Z5YkdGdVpITmZZbmxmUVd4bGVHbHpMVTFoY21sbFgwZHZZMmhsZEM1d2JtY3ZNakl3Y0hndFRXRndYMjltWDNSb1pWOUlZV0p6WW5WeVoxOU9aWFJvWlhKc1lXNWtjMTlpZVY5QmJHVjRhWE10VFdGeWFXVmZSMjlqYUdWMExuQnVadz09LnBuZw==.png)
The medieval Low Countries, including present-day Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, as well as parts of modern Germany and France, comprised a number of rival and independent feudal states of varying sizes. These each had their own identities and governments, though in the early modern period almost all the Belgian states became part of larger entities (the Seventeen Provinces (1549–1581) and the Southern Netherlands (after 1581)). Prominent early states in the area of modern Belgium included the Duchy of Brabant, the County of Flanders, the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the Duchy of Luxembourg; smaller ones included the County of Hainaut, the Duchy of Limburg and the County of Namur, though there were other small states as well.
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpODNMemN6TDBaeVlXNWpaVjlFWlhCaGNuUmxiV1Z1ZEY4eE9EQXhMbk4yWnk4eU1qQndlQzFHY21GdVkyVmZSR1Z3WVhKMFpXMWxiblJmTVRnd01TNXpkbWN1Y0c1bi5wbmc=.png)
When these territories were annexed by France in 1795, they were reorganised into départments; the borders were redrawn and the historical names were replaced by names of geographical features (generally the main river of the area).
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpOWpMMk5sTDBKbGJHZHBjWFZsWHpFNE16QXVhbkJuTHpJeU1IQjRMVUpsYkdkcGNYVmxYekU0TXpBdWFuQm4uanBn.jpg)
At the end of French rule and the creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the departmental territories were generally retained but were renamed into provinces and the historical names returned. At the time of the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands in 1830, Belgium's territory simply consisted of the existing nine southern provinces. The first article of the Belgian Constitution said: "Belgium is divided into provinces. These provinces are Antwerp, Brabant, West Flanders, East Flanders, Hainaut, Liège, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur, except for the relations of Luxembourg with the German Confederation." As such, each of the modern provinces of Belgium (with the exception of Antwerp) takes its name from one of the medieval predecessors, whereas the borders largely correspond to those of the French departments, which in most cases differ substantially from the historical entities.
In 1839, as part of the Treaty of London, half of the province of Limburg became part of the Netherlands, which consequently has its own province of Limburg.
In 1920, following the First World War, Belgium annexed the Eupen-Malmedy territory, which became part of Liège Province.
During the second half of the 20th century, Belgium transitioned from a unitary state to a federal state with three Communities and three Regions. As part of the state reforms, the (bilingual) province of Brabant was split in 1995 three ways: into two (unilingual) provinces (Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant) and into the (bilingual) Brussels-Capital Region. (The Brussels-Capital Region does not belong to any province, is not a province, and does not contain any provinces.) The two new Brabant provinces became part of the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region respectively. The remaining eight provinces became part of these regions as well, so the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region each contain five provinces.
Schematic overview
The following table presents a simplified overview of the evolution of the French departments into the present-day Belgian provinces.
Part of: French First Republic – First French Empire | Part of: United Kingdom of the Netherlands | Kingdom of Belgium | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1795–1815 | 1815–1830 | 1830–1839 | 1839–1995 | 1995–present |
Meuse-Inférieure | Limburg | Limburg | Limburg (NL) | |
Limburg | ||||
Lys | West Flanders | West Flanders | ||
Escaut | East Flanders | East Flanders | ||
Deux-Nèthes | Antwerp | Antwerp | ||
Dyle | South Brabant | Brabant | Flemish Brabant | |
Brussels-Capital Region | ||||
Walloon Brabant | ||||
Jemmape | Hainaut | Hainaut | ||
Sambre-et-Meuse | Namur | Namur | ||
Ourthe | Liège | Liège | ||
Forêts | Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (in personal union) | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (LU) |
Provincial governments
The provincial government consists of three main branches: the Provincial Council, which is the legislative body, the Deputation or Provincial College, which is the executive body, and the Governor, who is appointed by the regional government (i.e. the Flemish or Walloon Government).
The Provincial Councils (Dutch: Provincieraad; French: Conseil provincial) are the representative bodies of the population of the provinces. This is the equivalent of the States-Provincial in the Netherlands. The numbers of seats in the Provincial Councils are proportional to the population of the province; the numbers were reduced in both Flanders and Wallonia, starting 2013 (following the 2012 elections). They are directly elected each six years, at the same time of the municipal elections. Before 1994, the provincial elections instead coincided with the national elections. Until then, the provincial councils also appointed Provincial Senators to the Belgian Senate. The last elections were held on 14 October 2018.
The executive branch was previously called the Permanent Deputation. In the Flemish Region it is now simply called the Deputation (Dutch: Deputatie) and it consists of the Governor and six Deputies elected by the Provincial Council from among its members. Following the next 2018 election, there will be one Deputy less, i.e. five Deputies. In the Walloon Region it is called the Provincial College (French: Collège provincial) which consists of the Governor and four to five Deputies (depending on the number of inhabitants of the province) elected by the Provincial Council from among its members.
In Flemish Brabant, there is also a Deputy Governor (Dutch: Adjunct van de gouverneur). The Deputy Governor is appointed by the Flemish Government on the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers and must have a considerable knowledge of both the Dutch and the French language. He is responsible for ensuring that the language legislation is observed in the municipalities in the Brussels Periphery.
Following the Fifth State Reform, the responsibility for the provincial institutions was devolved to the Regions. The Regions have the power to amend or replace the existing legislation on the provincial institutions, most notably the Provincial Law of 30 April 1836. In the Flemish Region, the Provincial Decree of 9 December 2005 applies. In the Walloon Region, the Code of Local Democracy and Decentralisation applies. The legal framework in these Regions is still very similar, but that could change in the future. Although the Regions are responsible for the provincial institutions, the Federal State has retained its responsibility over the provinces in certain cases. For instance, the Regions are responsible for the appointment of the Provincial Governors, but only after the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers. Legislation regarding the Governor and Vice-Governor of Brussels-Capital, and the Deputy Governor of Flemish Brabant, has also remained a federal competency.
Absence of any province in the Brussels Capital Region
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpOHlMekpsTDBKbGJHZHBkVzFDY25WemMyVnNjeTV3Ym1jdk1qSXdjSGd0UW1Wc1oybDFiVUp5ZFhOelpXeHpMbkJ1Wnc9PS5wbmc=.png)
The Brussels Capital Region does not belong to any province, nor does it contain any. The extraprovincial status of Brussels has existed since 1995, when the former province of Brabant, which had Brussels as its capital, was divided into the Dutch-speaking province of Flemish Brabant and the French-speaking province of Walloon Brabant.
Within this mainly French speaking region, nearly all former provincial competencies are assumed by its regional institutions and by the French Community Commission, the Flemish Community Commission or the Common Community Commission. However, the Arrondissement of Brussels-Capital has two commissioners of the Federal Government who are called "Governor of the Brussels-Capital Region" and "Vice-Governor". The Governor exercises most of the few remaining powers elsewhere exercised by a provincial governor, particularly in the field of public order, as far as no (federal) law, (regional) decree, ordinance or decision states otherwise.
The Governor is appointed by the cabinet of the Brussels Capital Region on the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers. The regional government also appoints the Vice-Governor, who must have a considerable knowledge of both French and Dutch and who must ensure that the legislation regarding the use of the two languages is observed in Brussels.
Proposed additional province
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2WTI5dGJXOXVjeTkwYUhWdFlpODBMelJtTDBSMWFYUnpkR0ZzYVdkbFgwZGxiV1ZsYm5OamFHRndURzlqWVhScFpTNXdibWN2TWpJd2NIZ3RSSFZwZEhOMFlXeHBaMlZmUjJWdFpXVnVjMk5vWVhCTWIyTmhkR2xsTG5CdVp3PT0ucG5n.png)
Because the German-speaking Community is located entirely within Liège Province, it has been proposed on multiple occasions to create an eleventh province, the province of Eupen-Sankt Vith, which would comprise the nine municipalities of the German-speaking Community. Most of the functions carried out by provincial organs would then be exercised by the organs of the German-speaking Community.
However, the community is small in area (854 km2 or 330 sq mi) and has only about 76,000 inhabitants, which would make it the smallest and by far the least populated province.
See also
- Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
- List of Belgian provinces by GDP
- List of Belgian provinces by Human Development Index
- State reform in Belgium
References
- Structure of the Population, STATBEL
- Land use according to the land register, STATBEL
- "Province of Belgium". statoids.com.
- Proposal for an ordinance, stating the Governor's powers for the "arrondissement Brussels", the latter should be seen as the part of the arrondissement Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde that is not part of the Flemish Brabant province.
- "Factsheet on the Provinces" (PDF). The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2007.
- Ferdy Willems and Danny Pieters (21 March 2000). "Proposal of Law creating the Province of Eupen-Sankt Vith and a German-speaking electoral circle for the elections of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate" (PDF) (in Dutch and French). The Belgian Chamber of Representatives. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
- Jan Loones (VU) (13 July 1995). "Proposal of Law granting all provincial competences to the organs of the German-speaking Community and on the representation of the German language area in the Legislative Chambers" (in Dutch). The Belgian Senate. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
External links
![image](https://www.english.nina.az/wikipedia/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZW5nbGlzaC5uaW5hLmF6L3dpa2lwZWRpYS9pbWFnZS9hSFIwY0hNNkx5OTFjR3h2WVdRdWQybHJhVzFsWkdsaExtOXlaeTkzYVd0cGNHVmthV0V2Wlc0dmRHaDFiV0l2TkM4MFlTOURiMjF0YjI1ekxXeHZaMjh1YzNabkx6TXdjSGd0UTI5dGJXOXVjeTFzYjJkdkxuTjJaeTV3Ym1jPS5wbmc=.png)
- The provinces, Belgium.be
- Vereniging van de Vlaamse Provincies (Association of the Flemish Provinces)
- Association des Provinces wallonnes (Association of the Walloon Provinces)
The Kingdom of Belgium is divided into three regions Two of these regions Flanders and Wallonia are each subdivided into five provinces The third region Brussels does not belong to any province nor is it subdivided into provinces Instead it has amalgamated both regional and provincial functions into a single Capital Region administration Provinces of Belgium Provincies van Belgie Dutch Provinces de Belgique French Provinzen Belgiens German CategoryDecentralised unit in a federal stateLocation Kingdom of BelgiumNumber10 provincesPopulations295 146 Luxembourg 1 926 522 Antwerp Areas1 097 km2 424 sq mi Walloon Brabant 4 459 km2 1 722 sq mi Luxembourg GovernmentProvincial governmentSubdivisionsArrondissement Most of the provinces take their name from earlier duchies and counties of similar location while their territory is mostly based on the departments installed during French annexation At the time of the creation of Belgium in 1830 only nine provinces existed including the province of Brabant which held the City of Brussels In 1995 Brabant was split into three areas Flemish Brabant which became a part of the region of Flanders Walloon Brabant which became part of the region of Wallonia and the Brussels Capital Region which became a third region These divisions reflected political tensions between the French speaking Walloons and the Dutch speaking Flemish the Brussels Capital Region is officially bilingual The division into provinces is fixed by Article 5 of the Belgian Constitution The provinces and Brussels are subdivided into 43 administrative arrondissements and further into 581 municipalities ListProvinces of Belgium including the Brussels Capital Region by population as of 1 January 2019Flag Arms Province Dutch name French name German name Capital Governor Area Population 1 January 2024 Density Postal codes HASC FIPS ISO 3166 2 BEFlandersAntwerp Antwerpen Anvers Antwerpen Antwerp Cathy Berx Since 2008 2 876 km2 1 110 sq mi 1 926 522 670 km2 1 700 sq mi 2000 2999 BE AN BE01 VANEast Flanders Oost Vlaanderen Flandre orientale Ostflandern Ghent Since 2013 3 007 km2 1 161 sq mi 1 572 002 520 km2 1 300 sq mi 9000 9999 BE OV BE08 VOVFlemish Brabant Vlaams Brabant Brabant flamand Flamisch Brabant Leuven Jan Spooren Since 2020 2 118 km2 818 sq mi 1 196 773 570 km2 1 500 sq mi 1500 1999 3000 3499 BE VB BE12 VBRLimburg Limburg Limbourg Limburg Hasselt Herman Reynders Since 2009 2 427 km2 937 sq mi 900 098 370 km2 960 sq mi 3500 3999 BE LI BE05 VLIWest Flanders West Vlaanderen Flandre occidentale Westflandern Bruges Carl Decaluwe Since 2012 3 197 km2 1 234 sq mi 1 226 375 380 km2 980 sq mi 8000 8999 BE WV BE09 VWVWalloniaHainaut Henegouwen Hainaut Hennegau Mons Tommy Leclercq Since 2013 3 813 km2 1 472 sq mi 1 360 074 360 km2 930 sq mi 7000 7999 West 6000 6999 East shared with Luxembourg BE HT BE03 WHTLiege Luik Liege Luttich Liege Herve Jamar Since 2015 3 857 km2 1 489 sq mi 1 119 038 290 km2 750 sq mi 4000 4999 BE LG BE04 WLGLuxembourg Luxemburg Luxembourg Luxemburg Arlon Since 2016 4 459 km2 1 722 sq mi 295 146 66 km2 170 sq mi 6000 6999 shared with Eastern Hainaut BE LX BE06 WLXNamur Namen Namur Namur Namur Since 2007 3 675 km2 1 419 sq mi 503 895 140 km2 360 sq mi 5000 5999 BE NA BE07 WNAWalloon Brabant Waals Brabant Brabant wallon Wallonisch Brabant Wavre Since 2015 1 097 km2 424 sq mi 414 130 380 km2 980 sq mi 1300 1499 BE BW BE10 WBRBrusselsBrussels Capital Region Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest Region de Bruxelles Capitale Region Brussel Hauptstadt Brussels City Rudi Vervoort Since 2013 162 km2 63 sq mi 1 249 597 7 700 km2 20 000 sq mi 1000 1299 BE BR BE02 BBRTotal Belgie Belgique Belgien Brussels City 30 689 km2 11 849 sq mi 11 763 650 383 km2 990 sq mi HistoryMap of the Seventeen Provinces red showing the border between the independent Northern Netherlands and the Southern Netherlands The medieval Low Countries including present day Belgium the Netherlands and Luxembourg as well as parts of modern Germany and France comprised a number of rival and independent feudal states of varying sizes These each had their own identities and governments though in the early modern period almost all the Belgian states became part of larger entities the Seventeen Provinces 1549 1581 and the Southern Netherlands after 1581 Prominent early states in the area of modern Belgium included the Duchy of Brabant the County of Flanders the Prince Bishopric of Liege and the Duchy of Luxembourg smaller ones included the County of Hainaut the Duchy of Limburg and the County of Namur though there were other small states as well The First French Republic When these territories were annexed by France in 1795 they were reorganised into departments the borders were redrawn and the historical names were replaced by names of geographical features generally the main river of the area Belgium at its independence in 1830 At the end of French rule and the creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 the departmental territories were generally retained but were renamed into provinces and the historical names returned At the time of the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands in 1830 Belgium s territory simply consisted of the existing nine southern provinces The first article of the Belgian Constitution said Belgium is divided into provinces These provinces are Antwerp Brabant West Flanders East Flanders Hainaut Liege Limburg Luxembourg Namur except for the relations of Luxembourg with the German Confederation As such each of the modern provinces of Belgium with the exception of Antwerp takes its name from one of the medieval predecessors whereas the borders largely correspond to those of the French departments which in most cases differ substantially from the historical entities In 1839 as part of the Treaty of London half of the province of Limburg became part of the Netherlands which consequently has its own province of Limburg In 1920 following the First World War Belgium annexed the Eupen Malmedy territory which became part of Liege Province During the second half of the 20th century Belgium transitioned from a unitary state to a federal state with three Communities and three Regions As part of the state reforms the bilingual province of Brabant was split in 1995 three ways into two unilingual provinces Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant and into the bilingual Brussels Capital Region The Brussels Capital Region does not belong to any province is not a province and does not contain any provinces The two new Brabant provinces became part of the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region respectively The remaining eight provinces became part of these regions as well so the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region each contain five provinces Schematic overview The following table presents a simplified overview of the evolution of the French departments into the present day Belgian provinces Part of French First Republic First French Empire Part of United Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of Belgium1795 1815 1815 1830 1830 1839 1839 1995 1995 presentMeuse Inferieure Limburg Limburg Limburg NL LimburgLys West Flanders West FlandersEscaut East Flanders East FlandersDeux Nethes Antwerp AntwerpDyle South Brabant Brabant Flemish BrabantBrussels Capital RegionWalloon BrabantJemmape Hainaut HainautSambre et Meuse Namur NamurOurthe Liege LiegeForets Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in personal union Luxembourg LuxembourgGrand Duchy of Luxembourg LU Provincial governmentsThe provincial government consists of three main branches the Provincial Council which is the legislative body the Deputation or Provincial College which is the executive body and the Governor who is appointed by the regional government i e the Flemish or Walloon Government The Provincial Councils Dutch Provincieraad French Conseil provincial are the representative bodies of the population of the provinces This is the equivalent of the States Provincial in the Netherlands The numbers of seats in the Provincial Councils are proportional to the population of the province the numbers were reduced in both Flanders and Wallonia starting 2013 following the 2012 elections They are directly elected each six years at the same time of the municipal elections Before 1994 the provincial elections instead coincided with the national elections Until then the provincial councils also appointed Provincial Senators to the Belgian Senate The last elections were held on 14 October 2018 The executive branch was previously called the Permanent Deputation In the Flemish Region it is now simply called the Deputation Dutch Deputatie and it consists of the Governor and six Deputies elected by the Provincial Council from among its members Following the next 2018 election there will be one Deputy less i e five Deputies In the Walloon Region it is called the Provincial College French College provincial which consists of the Governor and four to five Deputies depending on the number of inhabitants of the province elected by the Provincial Council from among its members In Flemish Brabant there is also a Deputy Governor Dutch Adjunct van de gouverneur The Deputy Governor is appointed by the Flemish Government on the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers and must have a considerable knowledge of both the Dutch and the French language He is responsible for ensuring that the language legislation is observed in the municipalities in the Brussels Periphery Following the Fifth State Reform the responsibility for the provincial institutions was devolved to the Regions The Regions have the power to amend or replace the existing legislation on the provincial institutions most notably the Provincial Law of 30 April 1836 In the Flemish Region the Provincial Decree of 9 December 2005 applies In the Walloon Region the Code of Local Democracy and Decentralisation applies The legal framework in these Regions is still very similar but that could change in the future Although the Regions are responsible for the provincial institutions the Federal State has retained its responsibility over the provinces in certain cases For instance the Regions are responsible for the appointment of the Provincial Governors but only after the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers Legislation regarding the Governor and Vice Governor of Brussels Capital and the Deputy Governor of Flemish Brabant has also remained a federal competency Absence of any province in the Brussels Capital RegionThe Brussels Capital Region in Belgium The Brussels Capital Region does not belong to any province nor does it contain any The extraprovincial status of Brussels has existed since 1995 when the former province of Brabant which had Brussels as its capital was divided into the Dutch speaking province of Flemish Brabant and the French speaking province of Walloon Brabant Within this mainly French speaking region nearly all former provincial competencies are assumed by its regional institutions and by the French Community Commission the Flemish Community Commission or the Common Community Commission However the Arrondissement of Brussels Capital has two commissioners of the Federal Government who are called Governor of the Brussels Capital Region and Vice Governor The Governor exercises most of the few remaining powers elsewhere exercised by a provincial governor particularly in the field of public order as far as no federal law regional decree ordinance or decision states otherwise The Governor is appointed by the cabinet of the Brussels Capital Region on the unanimous advice of the Federal Council of Ministers The regional government also appoints the Vice Governor who must have a considerable knowledge of both French and Dutch and who must ensure that the legislation regarding the use of the two languages is observed in Brussels Proposed additional provinceThe German speaking Community Because the German speaking Community is located entirely within Liege Province it has been proposed on multiple occasions to create an eleventh province the province of Eupen Sankt Vith which would comprise the nine municipalities of the German speaking Community Most of the functions carried out by provincial organs would then be exercised by the organs of the German speaking Community However the community is small in area 854 km2 or 330 sq mi and has only about 76 000 inhabitants which would make it the smallest and by far the least populated province See alsoCommunities regions and language areas of Belgium List of Belgian provinces by GDP List of Belgian provinces by Human Development Index State reform in BelgiumReferencesStructure of the Population STATBEL Land use according to the land register STATBEL Province of Belgium statoids com Proposal for an ordinance stating the Governor s powers for the arrondissement Brussels the latter should be seen as the part of the arrondissement Brussels Halle Vilvoorde that is not part of the Flemish Brabant province Factsheet on the Provinces PDF The Belgian Chamber of Representatives Archived from the original PDF on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 22 June 2007 Ferdy Willems and Danny Pieters 21 March 2000 Proposal of Law creating the Province of Eupen Sankt Vith and a German speaking electoral circle for the elections of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate PDF in Dutch and French The Belgian Chamber of Representatives Retrieved 2 September 2007 Jan Loones VU 13 July 1995 Proposal of Law granting all provincial competences to the organs of the German speaking Community and on the representation of the German language area in the Legislative Chambers in Dutch The Belgian Senate Retrieved 2 September 2007 External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to Provinces of Belgium The provinces Belgium be Vereniging van de Vlaamse Provincies Association of the Flemish Provinces Association des Provinces wallonnes Association of the Walloon Provinces