A periodical literature (also called a periodical publication or simply a periodical) is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule. The most familiar example is a newspaper, but a magazine or a journal are also examples of periodicals. These publications cover a wide variety of topics, from academic, technical, trade, and general interest to leisure and entertainment.
Articles within a periodical are usually organized around a single main subject or theme and include a title, date of publication, author(s), and brief summary of the article. A periodical typically contains an editorial section that comments on subjects of interest to its readers. Other common features are reviews of recently published books and films, columns that express the authors' opinions about various topics, and advertisements.
A periodical is a serial publication. A book series is also a serial publication, but is not typically called a periodical. An encyclopedia or dictionary is also a book, and might be called a serial publication if it is published in many different editions over time.
Volumes and issues
Periodicals are typically published and referenced by volume and issue (also known as issue number or number). Volume typically refers to the number of years the publication has been circulated, and issue refers to how many times that periodical has been published during that year. For example, the April 2011 publication of a monthly magazine first published in 2002 would be listed as, "volume 10, issue 4". Roman numerals are sometimes used in reference to the volume number.
When citing a work in a periodical, there are standardized formats such as The Chicago Manual of Style. In the latest edition of this style, a work with volume number 17 and issue number 3 may be written as follows:
- James M. Heilman, and Andrew G. West. "Wikipedia and Medicine: Quantifying Readership, Editors, and the Significance of Natural Language." Journal of Medical Internet Research 17, no. 3 (2015). doi:10.2196/jmir.4069.
Sometimes, periodicals are numbered in absolute numbers instead of volume-relative numbers, typically since the start of the publication. In rare cases, periodicals even provide both: a relative issue number and an absolute number. There is no universal standard for indicating absolute numbers, but often a '#' is used.
The first issue of a periodical is sometimes also called a premiere issue or charter issue. The first issue may be preceded by dummy or zero issues. A last issue is sometimes called the final issue.
Frequency
Periodicals are often characterized by their period (or frequency) of publication. This information often helps librarians make decisions about whether or not to include certain periodicals in their collection. It also helps scholars decide which journal to submit their paper to.
| Period | Meaning | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Quinquennially | Once per 5 years | 1⁄5 per year |
| Quadriennially | Once per 4 years | 1⁄4 per year |
| Triennially | Once per 3 years | 1⁄3 per year |
| Biennially | Once per 2 years | 1⁄2 per year |
| Annually | Once per year | 1 per year |
| Semiannually, Biannually | Twice per year | 2 per year |
| Triannually | Thrice per year | 3 per year |
| Quarterly | Every quarter | 4 per year |
| Bimonthly | Every 2 months | 6 per year |
| Semi-quarterly | Twice per quarter | 8 per year |
| Monthly | Every month | 12 per year |
| Semi-monthly | Twice per month | 24 per year |
| Biweekly, Fortnightly | Every two weeks | 26 per year |
| Weekly | Every week | 52 per year |
| Semi-weekly | Twice per week | 104 per year |
| Daily | Once per business day | Varies |
Popular and scholarly
Periodicals are often classified as either popular or scholarly. Popular periodicals are usually magazines (e.g., Ebony and Esquire). Scholarly journals are most commonly found in libraries and databases. Examples are The Journal of Psychology and the Journal of Social Work.
Trade magazines are also examples of periodicals. They are written for an audience of professionals in the world. As of the early 1990s, there were over 6,000 academic, business, scientific, technical, and trade publications in the United States alone.
Indefinite vs. part-publication
These examples are related to the idea of an indefinitely continuing cycle of production and publication: magazines plan to continue publishing, not to stop after a predetermined number of editions. By contrast, a novel might be published in monthly parts, a method revived after the success of The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens. This approach is called part-publication, particularly when each part is from a whole work, or a serial, for example in comic books. It flourished during the nineteenth century, for example with Abraham John Valpy's Delphin Classics, and was not restricted to fiction.
Standard numbers
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is to serial publications (and by extension, periodicals) what the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is to books: a standardized reference number.
Distribution
Postal services often carry periodicals at a preferential rate; for example, Second Class Mail in the United States only applies to publications issued at least quarterly.
See also
- Partwork
- Part
References
- "Periodical". ODLIS — Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. ABC-Clio. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
- "Front matter". Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia. Vol. 3, no. 2. People's Computer Company. February 1978. ISBN 0-8104-5490-4. #22. Retrieved 2020-02-10. [1][2]
- "PC: The Independent Guide To IBM Computers". PC. Vol. 1, no. 1. Software Communications, Inc. February–March 1982. pp. front matter, 9. Premiere/Charter issue. Retrieved 2020-02-10. [3][4]
- Thompson, David J., ed. (May 1990). "Micro Cornucopia - The Micro Technical Journal" (PDF). Micro Cornucopia. Around the bend. No. 53. Bend, Oregon, US: Micro Cornucopia Inc. pp. front matter. ISSN 0747-587X. Retrieved 2020-02-11. [5][6][7]
- "Frequency of Publication codes". www.libraries.rutgers.edu.
- "Frequencies". www.oclc.org.
- Dickinson, Kelly; Boyd, Bryanna; Gunningham, Regan (29 November 2010). "Reference Analysis as an Aid in Collection Development: A Study of Master of Architecture Theses at Dalhousie University". Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management. 5 (1). doi:10.5931/djim.v5i1.48.
- "Where to submit your manuscript". How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 7 June 2012. p. 33. ISBN 9781107670747.
- "Cover of Science in School 32". Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- Blake, Gary & Bly, Robert W. (1993). The Elements of Technical Writing. New York: Macmillan Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 0020130856.
- "The Novel". Aspects of the Victorian Book – via The British Library.
- Eliot, Simon & Rose, Jonathan (2007). A Companion to the History of the Book. p. 297. ISBN 9781405127653.[full citation needed]
- "Second Class Mail". Barron's Business Dictionary – via Answers.com.
External links
A periodical literature also called a periodical publication or simply a periodical is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule The most familiar example is a newspaper but a magazine or a journal are also examples of periodicals These publications cover a wide variety of topics from academic technical trade and general interest to leisure and entertainment The cover of an issue of the open access journal PLOS Biology published monthly by the Public Library of Science Articles within a periodical are usually organized around a single main subject or theme and include a title date of publication author s and brief summary of the article A periodical typically contains an editorial section that comments on subjects of interest to its readers Other common features are reviews of recently published books and films columns that express the authors opinions about various topics and advertisements A periodical is a serial publication A book series is also a serial publication but is not typically called a periodical An encyclopedia or dictionary is also a book and might be called a serial publication if it is published in many different editions over time Volumes and issuesPeriodicals are typically published and referenced by volume and issue also known as issue number or number Volume typically refers to the number of years the publication has been circulated and issue refers to how many times that periodical has been published during that year For example the April 2011 publication of a monthly magazine first published in 2002 would be listed as volume 10 issue 4 Roman numerals are sometimes used in reference to the volume number When citing a work in a periodical there are standardized formats such as The Chicago Manual of Style In the latest edition of this style a work with volume number 17 and issue number 3 may be written as follows James M Heilman and Andrew G West Wikipedia and Medicine Quantifying Readership Editors and the Significance of Natural Language Journal of Medical Internet Research 17 no 3 2015 doi 10 2196 jmir 4069 Sometimes periodicals are numbered in absolute numbers instead of volume relative numbers typically since the start of the publication In rare cases periodicals even provide both a relative issue number and an absolute number There is no universal standard for indicating absolute numbers but often a is used The first issue of a periodical is sometimes also called a premiere issue or charter issue The first issue may be preceded by dummy or zero issues A last issue is sometimes called the final issue Frequency Periodicals are often characterized by their period or frequency of publication This information often helps librarians make decisions about whether or not to include certain periodicals in their collection It also helps scholars decide which journal to submit their paper to Period Meaning FrequencyQuinquennially Once per 5 years 1 5 per yearQuadriennially Once per 4 years 1 4 per yearTriennially Once per 3 years 1 3 per yearBiennially Once per 2 years 1 2 per yearAnnually Once per year 1 per yearSemiannually Biannually Twice per year 2 per yearTriannually Thrice per year 3 per yearQuarterly Every quarter 4 per yearBimonthly Every 2 months 6 per yearSemi quarterly Twice per quarter 8 per yearMonthly Every month 12 per yearSemi monthly Twice per month 24 per yearBiweekly Fortnightly Every two weeks 26 per yearWeekly Every week 52 per yearSemi weekly Twice per week 104 per yearDaily Once per business day VariesPopular and scholarlyCover of Science in School magazine Periodicals are often classified as either popular or scholarly Popular periodicals are usually magazines e g Ebony and Esquire Scholarly journals are most commonly found in libraries and databases Examples are The Journal of Psychology and the Journal of Social Work Trade magazines are also examples of periodicals They are written for an audience of professionals in the world As of the early 1990s there were over 6 000 academic business scientific technical and trade publications in the United States alone Indefinite vs part publicationThese examples are related to the idea of an indefinitely continuing cycle of production and publication magazines plan to continue publishing not to stop after a predetermined number of editions By contrast a novel might be published in monthly parts a method revived after the success of The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens This approach is called part publication particularly when each part is from a whole work or a serial for example in comic books It flourished during the nineteenth century for example with Abraham John Valpy s Delphin Classics and was not restricted to fiction Standard numbersThe International Standard Serial Number ISSN is to serial publications and by extension periodicals what the International Standard Book Number ISBN is to books a standardized reference number DistributionPostal services often carry periodicals at a preferential rate for example Second Class Mail in the United States only applies to publications issued at least quarterly See alsoPartwork PartReferences Periodical ODLIS Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science ABC Clio Retrieved 2012 08 06 Front matter Dr Dobb s Journal of Computer Calisthenics amp Orthodontia Vol 3 no 2 People s Computer Company February 1978 ISBN 0 8104 5490 4 22 Retrieved 2020 02 10 1 2 PC The Independent Guide To IBM Computers PC Vol 1 no 1 Software Communications Inc February March 1982 pp front matter 9 Premiere Charter issue Retrieved 2020 02 10 3 4 Thompson David J ed May 1990 Micro Cornucopia The Micro Technical Journal PDF Micro Cornucopia Around the bend No 53 Bend Oregon US Micro Cornucopia Inc pp front matter ISSN 0747 587X Retrieved 2020 02 11 5 6 7 Frequency of Publication codes www libraries rutgers edu Frequencies www oclc org Dickinson Kelly Boyd Bryanna Gunningham Regan 29 November 2010 Reference Analysis as an Aid in Collection Development A Study of Master of Architecture Theses at Dalhousie University Dalhousie Journal of Interdisciplinary Management 5 1 doi 10 5931 djim v5i1 48 Where to submit your manuscript How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper 7th ed Cambridge University Press 7 June 2012 p 33 ISBN 9781107670747 Cover of Science in School 32 Retrieved 13 July 2015 Blake Gary amp Bly Robert W 1993 The Elements of Technical Writing New York Macmillan Publishers p 113 ISBN 0020130856 The Novel Aspects of the Victorian Book via The British Library Eliot Simon amp Rose Jonathan 2007 A Companion to the History of the Book p 297 ISBN 9781405127653 full citation needed Second Class Mail Barron s Business Dictionary via Answers com External linksWikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Periodicals
