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Media, or mediums, are the core types of material (or related other tools) used by an artist, composer, designer, etc. to create a work of art. For example, a visual artist may broadly use the media of painting or sculpting, which themselves have more specific media within them, such as watercolor paints or marble.
The following is a list of artistic categories and the media used within each category:
Architecture
Carpentry
- Adhesives
- Wood (timber)
Ceramics
Drawing
Common drawing materials
- Acrylic paint
- Chalk
- Charcoal
- Colored pencil
- Conté
- Crayon
- Encaustic
- Fresco
- Gouache
- Graphite
- Ink
- Intaglio
- Oil paint
- Glass paint
- Pastel
- Pixel
- Printmaking
- Sketch
- Tempera
- Watercolor
- Glitter
Common supports (surfaces) for drawing
Common drawing tools and methods
- Brush
- Finger
- Pen
- Ballpoint pen
- Eraser
- Erasing shield
- Fountain pen
- Gel pen
- Kneaded eraser
- Technical pen
- Marker
- Pencil
- Mechanical pencil (clutch, screw, and ratchet)
- Colored pencil
- Stylus
- Charcoal
Electronic
- Graphic art software and 3D computer graphics
- Word processors and desktop publishing software
- Digital photography and digital cinematography
- Specialized input devices (e.g. variable pressure sensing tablets and touchscreens)
- Digital printing
- Programming languages
Film
- Animation
- Cel animation
- Computer animation
- Cutout animation
- Drawn-on-film animation
- Stop motion
- Live action
- Puppet film
- Video art
- Single-channel video
- Video installation
Film, as a form of mass communication, is itself also considered a medium in the sense used by fields such as sociology and communication theory (see also mass media). These two definitions of medium, while they often overlap, are different from one another: television, for example, utilizes the same types of artistic media as film, but may be considered a different medium from film within communication theory.
Food
A chef's tools and equipment, including ovens, stoves, grills, and griddles. Specialty equipment may be used, including salamanders, French tops, woks, tandoors, and induction burners.
Glass
Glassblowing, Glass fusing, colouring and marking methods.
Installation
Installation art is a site-specific form of sculpture that can be created with any material. An installation can occupy a large amount of space, create an ambience, transform/disrupt the space, exist in the space. One way to distinguish an installation from a sculpture (this may not apply to every installation) is to try to imagine it in a different space. If the objects present difficulties in a different space than the original, it is probably an installation.
Literature
Traditional writing media
- Digital word processor
- Internet websites
- Letterpress printing
- Computer printers
- Marker
- Pen and ink or *quill
- Pencil
Common bases for writing
- Card stock
- Paper, perhaps ruled
- Vellum
Natural world
Painting
Common paint media
- Acrylic paint
- Blacklight paint
- Encaustic paint
- Fresco
- Gesso
- Glaze
- Gouache
- Ink
- Latex paint
- Oil paint
- Primer
- Ink wash (sumi-e)
- Tempera or poster paint
- Vinyl paint (toxic/poisonous)[clarification needed]
- Vitreous enamel
- Watercolor
Uncommon paint media
- Various bodily fluids and excrement including elephant dung
- Solar energy
- Garlic
- Rust
- Coffee
- Onion
- Coconut juice
- Mud
- Black palm
- Tomato
- Soy sauce
- Staple wire[clarification needed]
- Ochre (Yellow, red, white or charcoal)
Supports for painting
- Architectural structures
- Canvas
- Ceramics
- Cloth
- Glass
- Human body (typically for tattoos)
- Metal
- Paper
- Paperboard
- Vellum
- Wall
- Wood
Common tools and methods
- Action painting
- Aerosol paint
- Airbrush
- Batik
- Brush
- Cloth
- Paint roller or
- Palette knife
- Sponge
- Pencil
- Finger
Mural techniques
Muralists use many of the same media as panel painters, but due to the scale of their works, use different techniques. Some such techniques include:
- Aerosol paint
- Digital painting
- Fresco
- Image projector
- Marouflage
- Mosaic
- Pouncing
Graphic narrative media
Comics creators use many of the same media as traditional painters.
Performing arts
The performing arts is a form of entertainment that is created by the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium. There are many skills and genres of performance; dance, theatre and re-enactment being examples. Performance art is a performance that may not present a conventional formal linear narrative.
Photography
In photography a photosensitive surface is used to capture an optical still image, usually utilizing a lens to focus light. Some media include:
- Digital image sensor
- Photographic film
- Potassium dichromate
- Potassium ferricyanide and ferric ammonium citrate
- Silver nitrate
Printmaking
In the art of printmaking, "media" tends to refer to the technique used to create a print. Common media include:
- Aquatint
- Collotype
- Computer printing
- Dye-sublimation printer
- Inkjet printer (sometimes called giclée printing)
- Laser printer
- Solid ink printer
- Thermal printer
- Embossing
- Engraving
- Etching
- Intaglio (printmaking)
- Letterpress (literature)
- Linocut
- Lithography
- Mezzotint
- Moku hanga
- Monotype
- Offset printing
- Photographic printing
- Planographic printing
- Printing press
- Relief printing
- Linocut
- Metalcut
- Relief etching
- Wood engraving
- Woodcut
- Screen-printing
- Woodblock printing
Sculpture
In sculpting, a solid structure and textured surface is shaped or combined using substances and components, to form a three-dimensional object. The size of a sculptured work can be built very big and could be considered as architecture, although more commonly a large statue or bust, and can be crafted very small and intricate as jewellery, ornaments and decorative reliefs.
Materials
Carving media
- Bone carving
- Bronze
- Gemstones
- Glass
- Granite
- Ice
- Ivory
- Marble
- Plaster
- Stone
- Wax
- Wood
Casting media
- Cement
- Ceramics
- Metal
- Plaster
- Plastic
- Synthetic resin
- Wax
Modeling media
- Clay
- Papier-mâché
- Plaster
- polystyrene
- Sand
- Styrofoam
Assembled media
- Beads
- Corrugated fiberboard (cardboard)
- Edible material
- Foil
- Found objects
- Glue and other adhesives
- Paperboard
- Textile
- Wire
- Wood
Finishing materials
- Acids to create a patina (corrosive)
- Glaze
- Polychrome
- Wax
Tools
- Bristle brush
- Chisel and hammer (modern pneumatic)
- Clamp or vise
- Hammer or mallet (modern pneumatic)
- Kiln for heating ceramics and metals
- Knife
- Pliers
- Potter's wheel
- Power tools
- Sandpaper
- Saw
- Scraper
- Snips
- Welding and cutting torch
- Wirecutter
- Collage
- Conceptual art
- Decorative arts
- Design tool
- Fashion design
- Fine art
- Fire performance
- Fresco
- Graffiti
- Graphic arts
- Liberal arts
- List of pen types, brands and companies
- Medium specificity
- Mixed media
- Multimedia
- New materials in 20th-century art
- Plastic arts
- Publishing
- Pyrotechnics
- Recording medium
- Stationery
- Video game art
References
- Tate. "Medium – Art Term". Tate. Retrieved 2019-02-10.
- Martin Lister; Jon Dovey; Seth Giddings; Iain Grant; Kieran Kelly. New Media: A Critical Introduction (PDF) (2nd ed.).
External links
- Media (artists' materials) — definition from the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus.
- Artistic Medium, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of art media news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Look up medium in Wiktionary the free dictionary Media or mediums are the core types of material or related other tools used by an artist composer designer etc to create a work of art For example a visual artist may broadly use the media of painting or sculpting which themselves have more specific media within them such as watercolor paints or marble The following is a list of artistic categories and the media used within each category ArchitectureCement concrete mortar Cob Glass Metal Stone brick WoodCarpentryAdhesives Wood timber CeramicsBone china Clay Glaze Porcelain Pottery Terracotta TileDrawingCommon drawing materials Acrylic paint Chalk Charcoal Colored pencil Conte Crayon Encaustic Fresco Gouache Graphite Ink Intaglio Oil paint Glass paint Pastel Pixel Printmaking Sketch Tempera Watercolor Glitter Common supports surfaces for drawing Canvas Card stock Concrete Fabric Glass Human body Metal Paper Papyrus Parchment Plaster Scratchboard Stone Vellum Wood Common drawing tools and methods Brush Finger Pen Ballpoint pen Eraser Erasing shield Fountain pen Gel pen Kneaded eraser Technical pen Marker Pencil Mechanical pencil clutch screw and ratchet Colored pencil Stylus CharcoalElectronicGraphic art software and 3D computer graphics Word processors and desktop publishing software Digital photography and digital cinematography Specialized input devices e g variable pressure sensing tablets and touchscreens Digital printing Programming languagesFilmAnimation Cel animation Computer animation Cutout animation Drawn on film animation Stop motion Live action Puppet film Video art Single channel video Video installation Film as a form of mass communication is itself also considered a medium in the sense used by fields such as sociology and communication theory see also mass media These two definitions of medium while they often overlap are different from one another television for example utilizes the same types of artistic media as film but may be considered a different medium from film within communication theory FoodA chef s tools and equipment including ovens stoves grills and griddles Specialty equipment may be used including salamanders French tops woks tandoors and induction burners GlassGlassblowing Glass fusing colouring and marking methods InstallationInstallation art is a site specific form of sculpture that can be created with any material An installation can occupy a large amount of space create an ambience transform disrupt the space exist in the space One way to distinguish an installation from a sculpture this may not apply to every installation is to try to imagine it in a different space If the objects present difficulties in a different space than the original it is probably an installation LiteratureTraditional writing media Digital word processor Internet websites Letterpress printing Computer printers Marker Pen and ink or quill PencilCommon bases for writing Card stock Paper perhaps ruled VellumNatural worldFloral design Rock Soil Vegetation WaterPaintingCommon paint media Acrylic paint Blacklight paint Encaustic paint Fresco Gesso Glaze Gouache Ink Latex paint Oil paint Primer Ink wash sumi e Tempera or poster paint Vinyl paint toxic poisonous clarification needed Vitreous enamel Watercolor Uncommon paint media Various bodily fluids and excrement including elephant dung Solar energy Garlic Rust Coffee Onion Coconut juice Mud Black palm Tomato Soy sauce Staple wire clarification needed Ochre Yellow red white or charcoal Supports for painting Architectural structures Canvas Ceramics Cloth Glass Human body typically for tattoos Metal Paper Paperboard Vellum Wall Wood Common tools and methods Action painting Aerosol paint Airbrush Batik Brush Cloth Paint roller or Palette knife Sponge Pencil FingerMural techniques Muralists use many of the same media as panel painters but due to the scale of their works use different techniques Some such techniques include Aerosol paint Digital painting Fresco Image projector Marouflage Mosaic PouncingGraphic narrative media Comics creators use many of the same media as traditional painters Performing artsThe performing arts is a form of entertainment that is created by the artist s own body face and presence as a medium There are many skills and genres of performance dance theatre and re enactment being examples Performance art is a performance that may not present a conventional formal linear narrative PhotographyIn photography a photosensitive surface is used to capture an optical still image usually utilizing a lens to focus light Some media include Digital image sensor Photographic film Potassium dichromate Potassium ferricyanide and ferric ammonium citrate Silver nitratePrintmakingIn the art of printmaking media tends to refer to the technique used to create a print Common media include Aquatint Collotype Computer printing Dye sublimation printer Inkjet printer sometimes called giclee printing Laser printer Solid ink printer Thermal printer Embossing Engraving Etching Intaglio printmaking Letterpress literature Linocut Lithography Mezzotint Moku hanga Monotype Offset printing Photographic printing Planographic printing Printing press Relief printing Linocut Metalcut Relief etching Wood engraving Woodcut Screen printing Woodblock printingSculptureIn sculpting a solid structure and textured surface is shaped or combined using substances and components to form a three dimensional object The size of a sculptured work can be built very big and could be considered as architecture although more commonly a large statue or bust and can be crafted very small and intricate as jewellery ornaments and decorative reliefs Materials Carving media Bone carving Bronze Gemstones Glass Granite Ice Ivory Marble Plaster Stone Wax Wood Casting media Cement Ceramics Metal Plaster Plastic Synthetic resin WaxModeling media Clay Papier mache Plaster polystyrene Sand StyrofoamAssembled media Beads Corrugated fiberboard cardboard Edible material Foil Found objects Glue and other adhesives Paperboard Textile Wire Wood Finishing materials Acids to create a patina corrosive Glaze Polychrome WaxTools Bristle brush Chisel and hammer modern pneumatic Clamp or vise Hammer or mallet modern pneumatic Kiln for heating ceramics and metals Knife Pliers Potter s wheel Power tools Sandpaper Saw Scraper Snips Welding and cutting torch WirecutterCollage Conceptual art Decorative arts Design tool Fashion design Fine art Fire performance Fresco Graffiti Graphic arts Liberal arts List of pen types brands and companies Medium specificity Mixed media Multimedia New materials in 20th century art Plastic arts Publishing Pyrotechnics Recording medium Stationery Video game artReferencesTate Medium Art Term Tate Retrieved 2019 02 10 Martin Lister Jon Dovey Seth Giddings Iain Grant Kieran Kelly New Media A Critical Introduction PDF 2nd ed External linksMedia artists materials definition from the Getty Art amp Architecture Thesaurus Artistic Medium Internet Encyclopedia of PhilosophyLook up media or medium in Wiktionary the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr Art by material and wbr Art by medium
