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A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional graphics, i.e. produced on a flat surface, today normally paper or a screen on various electronic devices. The term usually refers to the arts that rely more on line, color or tone, especially drawing and the various forms of engraving; it is sometimes understood to refer specifically to drawing and the various printmaking processes, such as line engraving, aquatint, drypoint, etching, mezzotint, monotype, lithography, and screen printing (silk-screen, serigraphy). Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs.
In museum parlance "works on paper" is a common term, covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art. There is now a large sector of graphic designers working mostly on web design.
History
Throughout history, technological inventions have shaped the development of graphic art. In 2500 BC, the Egyptians used graphic symbols to communicate their thoughts in a written form known as hieroglyphics. The Egyptians wrote and illustrated narratives on rolls of papyrus to share the stories and art with others.
During the Middle Ages, scribes manually copied each individual page of manuscripts to maintain their sacred teachings. The scribes would leave marked sections of the page available for artists to insert drawings and decorations. Using art alongside the carefully lettered text enhanced the religious reading experience.
In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg created the first upgraded moving type of mechanical equipment called as the printing press. His printing press aided the mass creation of text and visual art, eventually obviating the need for hand transcriptions.
Again during the Renaissance years, graphic art in the form of printing played a major role in the spread of classical learning in Europe. Within these manuscripts, book designers focused heavily on the typeface.
Due to the development of larger fonts during the Industrial Revolution, posters became a popular form of graphic art used to communicate the latest information as well as to advertise the latest products and services.
The invention and popularity of film and television changed graphic art through the additional aspect of motion as advertising agencies attempted to use kinetics to their advantage.
The next major change in graphic arts came when the personal computer was invented in the twentieth century. Powerful computer software enables artists to manipulate images in a much faster and simpler way than the skills of board artists prior to the 1990s. With quick calculations, computers easily recolor, scale, rotate, and rearrange images if the programs are known.
The design of street signs has been impacted by scientific examinations into readability. New York City is in the midst of replacing all of its street signs that have all capital characters with ones that only have upper and lower case letters. They anticipate that greater readability will improve wayfinding and greatly reduce collisions and injuries.[citation needed]
See also
- Animation
- Communication design
- Crowdsourcing creative work
- Digital art
- Illustration
- Caricature
- Cartoon
- Comics
- Graphic design
- Painting
- Performance art
- Printmaking
References
- "Graphic art" Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
- "Graphic art." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 3rd ed. Ed. Ian Chilvers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. p. 309.
- Mayer, Ralph (1992). "Graphic arts, or graphics." The HarperCollins Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques. 2nd ed. Revised and edited by Steven Sheehan. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 182.
- Meggs, Philip B. (5 March 2014). "Graphic design". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica.com. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
- McGuire-Lyle, Erin. Careers in the Graphic Arts and Computer Graphics (Career Resource Library). June 2000. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.
This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2008 Learn how and when to remove this message A category of fine art graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression typically two dimensional graphics i e produced on a flat surface today normally paper or a screen on various electronic devices The term usually refers to the arts that rely more on line color or tone especially drawing and the various forms of engraving it is sometimes understood to refer specifically to drawing and the various printmaking processes such as line engraving aquatint drypoint etching mezzotint monotype lithography and screen printing silk screen serigraphy Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy photography painting typography computer graphics and bindery It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs Graphic artists at work during the 1960s In museum parlance works on paper is a common term covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art There is now a large sector of graphic designers working mostly on web design HistoryThroughout history technological inventions have shaped the development of graphic art In 2500 BC the Egyptians used graphic symbols to communicate their thoughts in a written form known as hieroglyphics The Egyptians wrote and illustrated narratives on rolls of papyrus to share the stories and art with others During the Middle Ages scribes manually copied each individual page of manuscripts to maintain their sacred teachings The scribes would leave marked sections of the page available for artists to insert drawings and decorations Using art alongside the carefully lettered text enhanced the religious reading experience In 1450 Johannes Gutenberg created the first upgraded moving type of mechanical equipment called as the printing press His printing press aided the mass creation of text and visual art eventually obviating the need for hand transcriptions Again during the Renaissance years graphic art in the form of printing played a major role in the spread of classical learning in Europe Within these manuscripts book designers focused heavily on the typeface Due to the development of larger fonts during the Industrial Revolution posters became a popular form of graphic art used to communicate the latest information as well as to advertise the latest products and services The invention and popularity of film and television changed graphic art through the additional aspect of motion as advertising agencies attempted to use kinetics to their advantage The next major change in graphic arts came when the personal computer was invented in the twentieth century Powerful computer software enables artists to manipulate images in a much faster and simpler way than the skills of board artists prior to the 1990s With quick calculations computers easily recolor scale rotate and rearrange images if the programs are known The design of street signs has been impacted by scientific examinations into readability New York City is in the midst of replacing all of its street signs that have all capital characters with ones that only have upper and lower case letters They anticipate that greater readability will improve wayfinding and greatly reduce collisions and injuries citation needed See alsoAnimation Communication design Crowdsourcing creative work Digital art Illustration Caricature Cartoon Comics Graphic design Painting Performance art PrintmakingReferences Graphic art Encyclopaedia Britannica Britannica com Retrieved 21 February 2016 Graphic art The Oxford Dictionary of Art 3rd ed Ed Ian Chilvers Oxford Oxford University Press 2004 p 309 Mayer Ralph 1992 Graphic arts or graphics The HarperCollins Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques 2nd ed Revised and edited by Steven Sheehan New York Harper Perennial p 182 Meggs Philip B 5 March 2014 Graphic design Encyclopaedia Britannica Britannica com Retrieved 21 February 2016 McGuire Lyle Erin Careers in the Graphic Arts and Computer Graphics Career Resource Library June 2000 New York Rosen Publishing Group 1999
