Glycerides, also known as acylglycerols, are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids, and are generally very hydrophobic.
Glycerol has three hydroxyl functional groups, which can be esterified with one, two, or three fatty acids to form mono-, di-, and triglycerides. These structures vary in their fatty acid alkyl groups as they can contain different carbon numbers, different degrees of unsaturation, and different configurations and positions of olefins.
Vegetable oils and animal fats contain mostly triglycerides, but are broken down by natural enzymes (lipases) into mono and diglycerides and free fatty acids and glycerol.
Soaps are formed from the reaction of glycerides with sodium hydroxide. The product of the reaction is glycerol and salts of fatty acids. Fatty acids in the soap emulsify the oils in dirt, enabling the removal of oily dirt with water.
Partial glycerides are esters of glycerol with fatty acids, where not all the hydroxyl groups are esterified. Since some of their hydroxyl groups are free their molecules are polar. Partial glycerides may be monoglycerides (two hydroxyl groups free) or diglycerides (one hydroxyl group free). Short chain partial glycerides are more strongly polar than long chain partial glycerides, and have excellent solvent properties for many hard-to-solubilize drugs, making them valuable as excipients in improving the formulation of certain pharmaceuticals. The most common forms of acylglycerol are triglycerides, having high caloric value and usually yielding twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrate.
Acylglyceride linkage
An acylglyceride linkage is the covalent bond between the organic acid groups (such as fatty acid) and one of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol.
References
- Diehl, Katharine L.; Ivy, Michelle Adams; Rabidoux, Scott; Petry, Stefan Matthias; Müller, Günter; Anslyn, Eric V. (2015-07-28). "Differential sensing for the regio- and stereoselective identification and quantitation of glycerides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (30): E3977 – E3986. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E3977D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1508848112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4522822. PMID 26175025.
- "Sasol retains olefins and surfactants unit". Focus on Surfactants. 2007 (6): 3. June 2007. doi:10.1016/s1351-4210(07)70191-9. ISSN 1351-4210.
- Moore, Randy, et al. (1998) Botany. 2nd Ed. New York: WCB/McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-697-28623-9.
Glycerides also known as acylglycerols are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids and are generally very hydrophobic GlycerolTriacetin the simplest possible fat triglyceride after triformin Glycerol has three hydroxyl functional groups which can be esterified with one two or three fatty acids to form mono di and triglycerides These structures vary in their fatty acid alkyl groups as they can contain different carbon numbers different degrees of unsaturation and different configurations and positions of olefins General structures of mono di and tri acylglycerides with names according to the stereospecific numberingFatty acid Vegetable oils and animal fats contain mostly triglycerides but are broken down by natural enzymes lipases into mono and diglycerides and free fatty acids and glycerol Soaps are formed from the reaction of glycerides with sodium hydroxide The product of the reaction is glycerol and salts of fatty acids Fatty acids in the soap emulsify the oils in dirt enabling the removal of oily dirt with water Partial glycerides are esters of glycerol with fatty acids where not all the hydroxyl groups are esterified Since some of their hydroxyl groups are free their molecules are polar Partial glycerides may be monoglycerides two hydroxyl groups free or diglycerides one hydroxyl group free Short chain partial glycerides are more strongly polar than long chain partial glycerides and have excellent solvent properties for many hard to solubilize drugs making them valuable as excipients in improving the formulation of certain pharmaceuticals The most common forms of acylglycerol are triglycerides having high caloric value and usually yielding twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrate Acylglyceride linkageAn acylglyceride linkage is the covalent bond between the organic acid groups such as fatty acid and one of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol ReferencesDiehl Katharine L Ivy Michelle Adams Rabidoux Scott Petry Stefan Matthias Muller Gunter Anslyn Eric V 2015 07 28 Differential sensing for the regio and stereoselective identification and quantitation of glycerides Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 30 E3977 E3986 Bibcode 2015PNAS 112E3977D doi 10 1073 pnas 1508848112 ISSN 0027 8424 PMC 4522822 PMID 26175025 Sasol retains olefins and surfactants unit Focus on Surfactants 2007 6 3 June 2007 doi 10 1016 s1351 4210 07 70191 9 ISSN 1351 4210 Moore Randy et al 1998 Botany 2nd Ed New York WCB McGraw Hill ISBN 978 0 697 28623 9
